世界杯閱讀- 比英劇更精彩 三獅英格蘭隊(duì)前世今生

周六清晨，三獅軍團(tuán)英格蘭和藍(lán)衣軍團(tuán)意大利上演了一場(chǎng)精彩的對(duì)決，最終意大利以2比1的比分贏(yíng)得了比賽。英格蘭所在小組出線(xiàn)形勢(shì)可以說(shuō)比英劇更加精彩。
　　老牌勁旅英格蘭隊(duì)自1950年以來(lái)，只錯(cuò)過(guò)了94年一屆世界杯。本次巴西世界杯將是他們的第13次世界杯之旅。你知道英格蘭為什么被稱(chēng)為三獅軍團(tuán)嗎？你知道為什么英國(guó)有4支國(guó)家隊(duì)嗎？你知道英格蘭隊(duì)曾靠誤判贏(yíng)得了唯一一座世界杯嗎？

　　英格蘭隊(duì)為什么被稱(chēng)為三獅軍團(tuán)？
       
　　The lions have a history going back to the 12th century, when a standard with three gold lions on a red field was carried into battle to inspire the troops.
　　這些獅子的歷史可以追溯到12世紀(jì)時(shí)的紅底三金獅軍旗。

Later that century, Richard the Lionheart (1189-1199) used the three golden lions on a scarlet background as a symbol of the English throne and, after that, it appeared on the Royal Arms of every succeeding monarch.
　　12世紀(jì)晚期，獅心王理查（1189-1199在位）使用緋紅底三金獅作為英格蘭王權(quán)的象征。之后即使王朝更替，這個(gè)標(biāo)志都不曾從王室的紋章上消失。

So when the FA was formed in 1863, it seemed natural enough to base their logo on this stirring royal shield. Since then, the design has only been changed once, in 1949 - when the crown that was on top of the lions was removed to differentiate the badge from that of the English cricket team.
　　因此，當(dāng)1863年英格蘭足總成立的時(shí)候，很自然的使用了皇室紋章作為標(biāo)志的模板。在那以后，這個(gè)標(biāo)志只在1949年改變了一次——去掉了獅子頭上的冠冕以區(qū)別于英格蘭板球隊(duì)。

　　為什么英格蘭隊(duì)不叫英國(guó)隊(duì)？
    
　　England and Scotland played the first game between two national soccer teams in Glasgow in 1872 in front of 4,000 spectators. Twelve years later, the national soccer associations of England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland launched the British Home Championship tournament, which was contested almost every year for the next century.
　　世界上第一場(chǎng)國(guó)際性足球賽1872年于格拉斯哥舉行。這場(chǎng)比賽有4000名觀(guān)眾觀(guān)看，對(duì)陣雙方是英格蘭隊(duì)和蘇格蘭隊(duì)。12年后，英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和愛(ài)爾蘭創(chuàng)建了英國(guó)本土四角錦標(biāo)賽，并在隨后的一個(gè)世紀(jì)中幾乎每年都會(huì)舉辦。

Meanwhile, FIFA, the governing body responsible for the World Cup, didn't come along until 1904. By that point, the United Kingdom's four independent national soccer associations were deemed too powerful to be combined.
　　另一方面，國(guó)際足聯(lián)直到1904年才成立。而那時(shí)英國(guó)的4個(gè)獨(dú)立足協(xié)已經(jīng)因?yàn)檫^(guò)于強(qiáng)大而無(wú)法合并了。

　　英格蘭隊(duì)唯一的一座世界杯竟是因?yàn)檎`判？
      
　　England's third goal in 1966 World Cup Final has remained controversial ever since the match.
　　1966年世界杯決賽中英格蘭隊(duì)的第三個(gè)進(jìn)球一直存在爭(zhēng)議。

Modern studies using film analysis and computer simulation have suggested the ball never crossed the line, and that therefore this was not strictly speaking a goal.
　　現(xiàn)代研究使用錄像分析和計(jì)算機(jī)模擬顯示，當(dāng)時(shí)足球并未越過(guò)門(mén)線(xiàn)。因此嚴(yán)格來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)進(jìn)球無(wú)效。

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