2014年7月6日托福考試小范圍預(yù)測(cè)

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口語第 1 題

1. Describe one thing you didn’t want to do but you were asked to do.描述曾經(jīng)你不想做但被要求去完成的一件事，并說明事件的結(jié)果如何。 

分類：事件類 

思路： 

1舉個(gè)具體的事例，說明為什么不想做，說出理由(比如不想?yún)⒓幽稠?xiàng)活動(dòng)或者不想學(xué)鋼琴等等)。 

2 后來這件事的結(jié)果如何：如果完成了，那是一個(gè)人還是在別人(親朋好友老師)的鼓勵(lì)幫助下完成的?如果未完成，又是什么原因以及這件事給你帶來怎樣的影響。 

擴(kuò)展題目： 

1. Describe something hard that you have ever done in your life and explain why it is hard. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 

2. Talk about an experience of learning something new. What difficulties do you have to overcome in order to learn it? 

3. When they meet a problem, some people prefer to seek advice or help from people who are older than they are, while others prefer to seek advice or help from people of the same age. Which do you prefer and why?   

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2. Advantage and disadvantage of eating in class. 

在課堂上吃東西的利弊

分類：地點(diǎn)類

思路：

可以結(jié)合自己的經(jīng)歷去展開，以學(xué)習(xí)效率的問題去扣題，比如：

1.我認(rèn)為好處是，因?yàn)槌３�沒有時(shí)間吃早飯，餓著肚子學(xué)習(xí)效率低，所以允許在課堂上吃東西對(duì)身體好，節(jié)省時(shí)間，也能改善課質(zhì)量

2.我認(rèn)為課堂上吃東西不好，因?yàn)楦鞣N食物的味道和咀嚼的聲音會(huì)干擾同學(xué)們的注意力，還可能在教室留下一些污漬，而課堂是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的地方，我覺得在一個(gè)安靜，整潔的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境更有利于我們的學(xué)習(xí)效率。

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擴(kuò)展題目：

1. When they are studying to prepare for an exam, some students like to study with other people, while others like to study alone. Which do you prefer and why?

2. What kind of food do you recommend to add to food menu on campus cafeteria? Use Examples and details to support your response.

3. Describe a time when you are asked to do something you don’t want to do, and what happend as a result 

4. 現(xiàn)在的大學(xué)生經(jīng)常 homesick，有什么解決的辦法？ 

5. 說說你最感興趣的一個(gè) subject. 

6. What type of music do you enjoy most? Explain why you enjoy this type of music. Include reasons and details in you explanation. 

7. 是說有些大學(xué)把 paper books或者 magazines給賣掉了，取而代之的是 electronic books，你覺得可行不可行。 

I agree that the university can sell all the paper books and magazines, and turn into the electronic books. 

First, the electronic books make information searching much easier. Because if you want to find some information in the electronic readings, you can just type the key words into it, and it only takes one second to find the thing you need. But you must read the book word by word if you use the printed books. 

What’s more, the electronic book is free. The university doesn’t have to pay the money to buy paper books or magazines. It will save a lot of money that university can use it in other part, such as education system and teaching equipment. 

關(guān)鍵詞：7月6日 小范圍預(yù)測(cè) 機(jī)經(jīng)

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口語第 2 題

1. 是不是該要求富人出錢幫助別人 

2. Someone likes to collect old things, someone throw things away after they used it. what's your preference? 

3. Do you prefer to take courses related to a specific career, or do you prefer to take a variety of courses? 

分類：活動(dòng)類 

思路： 

1.選擇第一種，因?yàn)榭梢院芎玫膶Ｗ⒂趯W(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)，這樣可以精通，以后對(duì)找工作很有幫助 

2.選擇第二種，因?yàn)檫@樣很有意思，可以學(xué)到各種各樣的知識(shí)，豐富自己的閱歷，也可以交到更多的朋友。 

擴(kuò)展題目： 

1.Describe a subject you like studying in college. Include details and examples to support your response. 

2.Do you think that university student is wasting time to take other courses in other school that are beyond their major? Use specific reasons to support your answer. 

3.Describe a subject that you would like to learn more. Include reasons and examples to support your response. 

4. 你是愿意參與 sports，還是看別人 play.Which one do you prefer? 

Be a part in sports or watch other people play. Use specific examples and details to support your answer. 

I prefer to participate in sports instead of just watching others to play. There are  several reasons for this. First, I personally enjoy playing sports as my hobby and interest. I feel relaxed after a hard day’s work every time I’m playing basketball or soccer. It’s just a great feeling to do something I enjoy and get the frustration I built up in the day out of my system. Second, playing sports allows me to stay fit in the process as well, it helps me to lose weight and maintain my health. Lastly, it is actually easier to make friends through playing sports together. I’m a person that is always interested in meeting new people that share the same interests as me. These are the reasons why I prefer to play the sports instead of watching it.   

5. 你喜歡 outdoor activity 還是 indoor activity such as yoga 

Well, as far as I am concerned, I think it depends on different situations and both the outdoor and indoor activities are beneficial for our health. Generally speaking, I do more outdoor activities than the indoor ones. Because we don’t need to prepare a lot when we do outdoor activities, for instance, running on the playground or jogging along river. What we need are just a pair of comfortable shoes and a good mood. 

However, indoor actives such as yoga give us different feelings. While listening to the beautiful music and following coach’s actions, I feel more relaxed.

Especially when I have been under pressure for a long time, doing yoga make me refreshed. In a word, I will choose different activities according to my different needs. 

6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's easier to teach children in primary schools than  students in universities. Include reasons and details in  your explanation. 

7. Government該不該 spend money on encouraging citizens to lead a healthy lifestyle 

I agree that government should spend money on encouraging citizens to lead a healthy lifestyle. 

First, it is essential for citizens to have a healthy lifestyle, especially for the old ones. 

Now, there are more and more old people in the society. So it is a problem for the government to care for the old-age population. But if they keep a healthy lifestyle, the government will save a lot efforts and a large number of money. 

What’s more, if the citizens have a healthy lifestyle, all the works will be done more efficiently. It shows that 34% people who have a lower efficiency is because of their bad health. 

So I agree with it.

關(guān)鍵詞：7月6日 小范圍預(yù)測(cè) 機(jī)經(jīng)

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口語第 3 題

Task 3-1

短文內(nèi)容是說現(xiàn)在的 Modern literature 課越來越 popular，有些大學(xué)就采取了兩個(gè)方法讓更多的同學(xué) enroll。

方法一：把小教室換成大教室；

方法二，把課時(shí)加到晚上，讓更多的人來。

內(nèi)容是一男一女，男的不同意學(xué)校的方法，

理由一是小教室更方便 group discussion，大教室距離遠(yuǎn)了不好操作；

理由二是有的同學(xué)晚上有活動(dòng)，還有 jobs to do，肯定沒有時(shí)間來參加晚上的課時(shí)。

Task 3-2

學(xué)校在考試復(fù)習(xí)期間舉辦什么娛樂活動(dòng) ， 期間取消校內(nèi)公交車 ， 有人感到不滿給校長寫信，

原因一是噪音影響在宿舍復(fù)習(xí)的人，

原因二是取消 校內(nèi)公交車對(duì)要乘車的人很不方便。 對(duì)話中女生認(rèn)為這兩個(gè)理由都沒有說服力。

首先要看書的人可以去圖書館看，不一定非要在宿舍，圖書館很安靜。

其次學(xué)校很小，去哪里都可以步行，不行橫穿學(xué)校只要 30 分鐘，況且公交車只取消幾個(gè)小時(shí)而已，no big deal 

Task 3-3

有一個(gè) policy 要大家都要參與 discussion 也算分.MM 說這樣不好,有的人寫的好但 shy 所以說得不好,有的人要過好久之后才開始與人交流啥的(我覺得這次口語中聽力語速偏快了, 甚至比聽力快似的,記不及,我記得其實(shí)還算全,就是一個(gè)一個(gè)單詞的,說的時(shí)候都有點(diǎn)看不懂了..中間兩題說得最不好.) 。

Task 3-4

學(xué)校要建個(gè)休息室 change a room in student center into student lounge 給不住學(xué)校的學(xué)生用，可以放書，有 locker，放一些 bus schedule。男生不同意一：住學(xué)校的同學(xué)也需要，因?yàn)樗奚岷苓h(yuǎn)。圖書館已經(jīng)有 locker，不需要再建。二：沒必要專門為放 bus schedule 建休息室，網(wǎng)上電話都可以查。

Task 3-5

14 年 7 月 6 日 托�？荚囆》秶� 機(jī)經(jīng)  jazz band 要在 afternoon 在校園的 lawn 開 concert  woman 不滿意 因?yàn)?/p>

1. 學(xué)生要學(xué)習(xí)， 會(huì)打擾， evening 更好 

2. 很多人聚堆會(huì)踏壞草坪

Task 3-6

學(xué)校決定讓 freshman 最多沒學(xué)期選四門課，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生需要時(shí)間 involve in non-academic activities 和 develop research skills。男生表示同意，說自己就是因?yàn)榇笠徽n太多太忙了，沒時(shí)間參加社團(tuán)活動(dòng)。然后就是他覺得 develop research skill需要花很多時(shí)間，舉了一個(gè)他自己做 old newspaper（？）研究的例子。

關(guān)鍵詞：7月6日 小范圍預(yù)測(cè) 機(jī)經(jīng)

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口語第 4 題

Task 4-1

英文版

behavior exposure Concerningabout negative consequence, kids usually fear to do something new. Themethod to solve this problem is let them try new things gradually (sorry, can not recall some details) The speaker gives a example: His family moved to Los Angeles,some neighbor kids played outside (riding bicycle), he found that hisson wanted to join but also fear to do so. So he asked his son if helike to buy some ice cream from the store, his son said “OK”, then heasked his son say “hi” when they are passing by the neighbor kids. Hisson did that according to his suggestion. On the way back, herecommended his son to talk more with the neighbor kids on the bicycleriding ( did not get completely, sorry). After they returned home, hisson asked if he can go out to play with the neighbor kids.

中文版

behavior exposure 大概是心理學(xué)暴露療法的意思

閱讀說

孩子有時(shí)候不原交往，害怕負(fù)面影響

步驟 1.教孩子接觸那件事

2.孩子發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有負(fù)面影響

3.不再害怕

lecture （有點(diǎn)啰嗦 可是我難得記得住） 教授的孩子 Tommy 11 歲  搬到洛杉磯以后 Tommy 不敢和別的孩子玩，可是又想玩

有一天 tommy 看著窗外的孩子很郁悶，于是教授說 tommy 我們?nèi)ベI雪糕，然后路過那些孩子的時(shí)候打個(gè)招呼說 HI ，然后去了之后孩子們都很友善；第二次叫 tommy 贊揚(yáng)別的孩子的車，然后就融入孩子們了。

Task 4-2

anticipated emotion。人們采取行動(dòng)之前會(huì)對(duì)自己做了這個(gè)事情之后會(huì)有一個(gè)怎樣的心情有一個(gè)估測(cè)，然后根據(jù)這個(gè)估測(cè)決定自己是不是要做那件事。lecture 里，教授舉例子說有一次去給妹妹買生日禮物，發(fā)現(xiàn)一件很想買的 jacket，但是買了 jacket 之后就只能給妹妹買很便宜的小禮物，于是他就想如果真的買了 jacket 的話他肯定會(huì)很愧疚，所以最后決定還是不買了

Task 4-3

Aggressive recuiting 即商家在推廣期間給與顧客一些實(shí)惠 ， 積累顧客 ， 推廣期過后開始收費(fèi)增加收入。  lecture 舉了一個(gè) gym 的例子在說明 這種策略的有效性 。 具體是 ，gym 在推廣期讓消費(fèi)者免費(fèi)獲得健身指導(dǎo) ， 一個(gè)月以后取消免費(fèi)政策 ， 結(jié)果大部分人都繼續(xù)使用該服務(wù) ， 于是增加了gym 的 customer basis，是有效的 

Task 4-4

Reading: 【課文要點(diǎn)】 講象征性的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) （token reward system）。每次學(xué)生行為良好就給個(gè)象征性的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) ， 積累到一定的數(shù)量 ， 就可以拿 real reward 杄 用不同的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)來引導(dǎo)學(xué)生的行為，可以有效地刺激學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。

Listening:【教授舉例】教授舉了一個(gè)例子：如果想要學(xué)生上課安靜聽話，可以給他們安排更多時(shí)間玩 ， 結(jié)果不太有效 ， 因?yàn)橛行�學(xué)生不喜歡在操場(chǎng)玩 ， 喜歡在教室活動(dòng) 。 接著教授給學(xué)生 wood coin ，學(xué) 生 可 以 攢 著，積 累 到 一 定 了 就 可 以 換 取 學(xué) 生 自 己 想 要 的 獎(jiǎng) 勵(lì) 方 式:比如優(yōu)先使用電腦等，這樣促進(jìn)了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。

Sample answer:   

The reading passage explains a definition of token reward system It states that a token reward is often used to encourage those students who behave well in class. When they accumulate a certain number of token rewards, they can get real reward. In the listening passage, the professor gives an example to illustrate this. If the students listened to the teacher attentively in class, the professor would reward them with extra playing on the ground.

However, not all of them enjoyed playing on the ground; some of them would rather stay in the classroom, doing something to their own taste. Then the professor changed. He gave students wood coins; students collected them. When they had a certain number of them, they would be rewarded as they like, such as using the computer before others.

By these means, he proves that token reward system can motivate students to learn and behave well.

Task 4-5

【名詞解釋】planning fallacy. (“planning fallacy”講的是人很難預(yù)測(cè)到潛在的問題 ) Fail to consider all the possible factors that affect the project and lead to the inaccuracy in estimate the time that cost to complete then lead to bad consequences. 

【講座例子】 教授在大學(xué)時(shí)是好學(xué)生,有一天他的教授布置了 10pages 的 paper,他認(rèn)為他 很快可以寫完,所以提前一天開始寫,到了圖書館,借了書,回去發(fā)現(xiàn)材料不夠,再去圖書 館時(shí), 已經(jīng)關(guān)門了,所以只能遲交作文,最后得了很低的分,雖然他教師覺得他的內(nèi)容很好

Task 4-6

為了確定 service 在 consumer 當(dāng)中的印象 ， 用 observation 而不是用普通的 ask questions ，因?yàn)?questions 讓人覺得煩 ， 會(huì)給 negative answer ，例子是一個(gè) museum 有 3 parts 要知道哪個(gè) part 更 popular 

關(guān)鍵詞：7月6日 小范圍預(yù)測(cè) 機(jī)經(jīng)

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口語第 5 題

Task 5-1

英文版

Female student got a problem

She is taking a pottery course, got ahomework to make some pottery and put flower in, but she accidentlydrop the pottery into 3 pieces Two solutions proposed by herself:)  1 glue together, but get some crack on it 2 start over again, days may be sufficient, but she get another final exam to prepare 

中文版

一個(gè)女生心情不好 原來是在陶藝課 做了個(gè)花瓶后天要上交 本來做好了 可是早上不小心打了 碎成三塊 男生說 wow 那可怎么辦 女生說 1.glue it together as the peices are not tiny, but afraid that the Prof. will discover and get low mark 2.make a new one but she has a final test for another course which she really need to study

Task 5-2

【學(xué)生困難】 ：女生要在校報(bào)發(fā)表一篇 paper，但文章寫得 too long to publish 。

【解決方案】 ：男編輯給他兩個(gè)方案：方案 1 、刪掉一半 cut off the paper / make it shorter 就能立即出版。但女生覺得每個(gè)部分都很重要，不愿意 cut，要弄短就只能 Summarize 了。方案 2 、到 暑 期 版 summer issue 上發(fā)表 publish 。女 生 不 太 愿 意，因 為 暑 假 大 家 都 放 假 了，沒 人看得到。 

Task 5-3

女生說父母來參加他的畢業(yè)典禮，遇到了麻煩：他們從比較遠(yuǎn)的地方來需要找地方住下，但學(xué)校附近的 hotel 都 book 滿了。 Solu1：去她的公寓住，但她的公寓非常小，需要 rearrange，她要睡沙發(fā)了。 Solu2：去遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的 hotel 住，但缺點(diǎn)是離學(xué)校開車 20 分鐘， 需要租車，成本比較高。

In the conversation, the woman comes across a problem that her parents are going to attend her graduation ceremony and they need to find somewhere to live in since they come from long distance. The problem is that all the hotels nearby has been booked. Her friend gives her two solutions. One is her parents live in her department with her, but the department is too small, she has to rearrange it and sleep in the sofa. The other is to live in a hotel at a distance, however, they need to rent a car so that will cost a lot. Personally, I would definitely prefer the first one. Living in her department is very convenient for her parents to go to her school, and if they arrange the department well, all of them can live comfortably. What’s more, if her parents live in a hotel far away, the woman will be worried about her parents. All in all, I would choose to have the woman live with her parents in her department.

Task 5-4

男的要去音樂會(huì)，但是時(shí)間和他得一個(gè)試鏡沖突。怎么辦。

方法一，一半音樂會(huì)，再去試鏡， 但是浪費(fèi)音樂會(huì)票。

方法二，去音樂會(huì)，第二天再去 試鏡，可是第一天是主角，第二天都是配角的試鏡，沒幾句臺(tái)詞

Task 5-5

男子的問題, summer job, 租了個(gè)房子, 但 kitchen unavailable， 2 decisions:

1. friend 有 kitchen，一起用, 但是會(huì) inconvenient.

2. 在 school cafeteria 買個(gè) plan ，很便宜，但距離遠(yuǎn)

Task 5-6

男生在 spring break 要去西班牙玩，準(zhǔn)備拍照，但是數(shù)碼相機(jī)丟了，女生讓他買，但是他說沒有 enough money，他自己說他朋友（貌似說了具體的名字）可以借給他，但是他不想用，女生說：對(duì)，萬一 broken 或者 stolen 就不好了

關(guān)鍵詞：7月6日 小范圍預(yù)測(cè) 機(jī)經(jīng)

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口語第 6 題

Task 6-1

【講課要點(diǎn)】 ：不能自身移動(dòng)的海底 sea bottom 動(dòng)物 dwellers（居民）獲得食物的方法 feed有兩種：第一種、active method ：舉例：�？� sea anemone [??nem?ni] 偽裝成植物，寄生在其他動(dòng)物身上，寄主又會(huì)放毒液，這樣 sea anemone [??nem?ni]就能捕住食物了。第二種、passive method，舉 例：牡 蠣 Oyster[? ?ist?]，不 動(dòng)。坐 等 海 水 流 把 微 生 物 tiny material 送到嘴邊 

Task 6-3

monkey 常年住在樹上，該怎么喝水。舉了兩個(gè)例子，第一個(gè)是一種 monkey（記不得名字了，屏幕上會(huì)出現(xiàn)），這種 monkey只要吃新鮮多汁的葉子(tender leaves)就可以補(bǔ)充足夠的水分；另一些 monkey 是去下雨后積水形成的小池塘里喝水；有一種 spider monkey 是尋找cup-shaped 的植物，利用植物作容器喝水。

Task 6-3

講鳥類遷徙之前都會(huì)做一定的調(diào)整和改變，分兩方面：1，body change：長途飛行需要大量能量，為了減少停下來的次數(shù)，會(huì)提前儲(chǔ)存能量，吃多點(diǎn)存脂肪。2，習(xí)慣的改變：為了應(yīng)對(duì)路上碰到的敵人，一些獨(dú)來獨(dú)往的鳥會(huì)開始 social，結(jié)成 group 一起飛，比較安全。

In the lecture, the professor mainly talks about birds’ adjustment and change before their migration. He tells us two respects of changes. The first one is the body change. In order to decrease the number of pauses during the long flight, the birds need a quantity of energy. Therefore, before their journey, the birds will eat much more food to store fat, which will save a great deal of energy for them ahead.

The second one is their habit change. The birds will meet a lot of enemies on the way of migration, so the birds who usually live alone will learn to be social and live in groups with other birds. When the birds fly together to the destination, all of them will be much safer.

Task 6-4

講了昆蟲的兩個(gè)行為確保他們新出生的后代能存活下去。方法一是在巢里放足夠多的食物，這樣小昆蟲出生的時(shí)候就有東西吃了。例子是 potter wasp（好像是這個(gè)） ，他們建完巢以后，就會(huì)去找各種食物放在巢里。第二個(gè)方法是把巢建在食物充足的地方。例子是 butterfly 會(huì)四處找地方，找到食物最豐富的地方建巢，這樣孩子就能自己捕食。

Task 6-5

教授講，兩種動(dòng)物，black fly larva 和 splince（音譯）為什么可以在激流中保持不動(dòng)，那個(gè)larva 好象是因?yàn)?hand&hook，所以可以 touch the bottom of river.第二個(gè)好像身體里有一個(gè)borrower（音譯），可以讓他在水中保持不動(dòng)，

Task 6-6

要孵化出來的動(dòng)物交流有什么好處。好處一，蛋之間交流，可以一起孵出來。鴨子在會(huì)孵出來事，會(huì)發(fā)出卡卡聲，別的小鴨子到，會(huì)同時(shí)孵出來。二，可以和媽媽交流。鱷魚蛋在快孵出來時(shí)，和媽媽交流。鱷魚媽媽會(huì)把蛋上的泥清干凈，幫它出殼。

關(guān)鍵詞：7月6日 小范圍預(yù)測(cè) 機(jī)經(jīng)

推薦閱讀〉〉〉

綜合寫作

1

erdstall 可能有三種用途:一儲(chǔ)存牲口或糧食 ,二躲避強(qiáng)盜 ,三宗教用途 靈魂等候區(qū) 但是被 lecture 反駁。

1）儲(chǔ)存牲口或糧食: 在冬天 erdstall 都被淹沒了，而且也沒發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有谷類殘留. 

2)躲避強(qiáng)盜: erdstall 太小了，存氧氣很少，只能容得下幾個(gè)人。另外，只有一個(gè)入口，不太可能像為了逃跑設(shè)計(jì)的。 

3）宗教用途. 如果是的話，應(yīng)該所有有共同宗教信仰的村子都有，但是有的村子有，有的村子沒有。

2

Has the large corporation lost its attraction to American

閱讀：越來越多的人對(duì)在大公司上班失去了興趣，轉(zhuǎn)而自己開公司(self-employed)

(1)，大公司上班有太多 bureaucracy，難以實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的 idea 。

(2)，大公司上班工作穩(wěn)定感大大不如從前。

(3)，大公司最近幾年不提供 extra benefits，比如退休金，更低的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)。

聽力：一一反駁三個(gè)觀點(diǎn)

(1)，自己開公司要面對(duì)的手續(xù)會(huì)更多。

(2)，自己開公司明顯更有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，穩(wěn)定感更不強(qiáng)。

(3)，自己開公司 extra benefits 更沒有保證。

3

閱讀：關(guān)于大象有三種很奇幻的說法：

1 大象能預(yù)知自己將死，并找到水邊獨(dú)自死去

2 大象有藝術(shù)和繪畫的能力，能拿筆畫畫

3 大象膽子小，怕老鼠。

聽力駁斥

1 大象是因?yàn)槔狭硕�牙齒脫落，要軟的食品，而在水邊才容易找到

2 大象會(huì)畫畫是因?yàn)橛腥擞?xùn)練它，教它動(dòng)作（訓(xùn)象人用摸耳朵的方式）并不是它真的有能力

3 大象不是怕老鼠，是因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)沒見過的東西警覺，這是動(dòng)物本能，當(dāng)動(dòng)物園里的大象（對(duì)

老鼠熟悉了），就根本不在乎了

4

交通路口的攝像頭，文章觀點(diǎn)是不好。

一：不能及時(shí)制止危險(xiǎn)行為。

二：駕駛員在沒有攝像頭的地方可以不安全行駛。

三：導(dǎo)致更多的路口交通事故。 力部分反駁文章觀點(diǎn)。

一：罰款能夠更有效的使駕駛員未來安全駕駛，攝像頭不會(huì)放過任何違規(guī)，交警則可能錯(cuò)過一些行為。

二：交警也是設(shè)點(diǎn)的，而且花費(fèi)更多，攝像頭因?yàn)楸阋司涂梢匀�面覆蓋。

三：攝像頭引起的事故都是輕微的，并且嚴(yán)重（側(cè)面相撞）事故減少了 40％。 （我確認(rèn)是 40％）

5

閱讀：

一個(gè)什么動(dòng)物在很久以前身軀很大的原因： 那時(shí)候氧氣量很多 plant 很多 warm climate

listening :

1. 氧氣量其實(shí)比現(xiàn)在還少（很多百分比，糊涂了，這樣不確定）

2. plant 是很多，但是營養(yǎng)很少

3. warm climate is actually a disadvantage, because they needed to cool off

主題： 一種動(dòng)物為什么在很久以前身軀龐大

閱讀的觀點(diǎn):

1.因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)氧氣充足

2. 因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)植物很多

3. 因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)氣候溫暖

聽力的觀點(diǎn)：

1.那時(shí)氧氣其實(shí)比現(xiàn)在還少

2.那時(shí)植物是很多但是營養(yǎng)很少

3.溫暖的氣候其實(shí)是個(gè)不利因素而非有利因素，因?yàn)檫@種動(dòng)物其實(shí)需要涼爽

The passage mainly discusses the reasons why X animal had a huge body long time ago. However, the lecturer casts doubts on the writer’s view from three different aspects.

First of all, it is said in the reading passage that there was more oxygen in the past. Nonetheless, the professor in the listening material argues that there was actually less oxygen at that time than at present. This is the first place where the speaker disagrees with the reading passage. 

Second, the writer points out that there were a large number of plants in former times. In contrast, the speaker refutes that though the number of plant was incredible, they do not contain enough nutrients. This is the second place that directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates.

Finally, the reading passage states that warm climate was also a reason leading to this animal′s huge body. On the contrary, the professor in the listening material contends that warm climate is actually a disadvantage, because they needed to cool off. This is the last point that entirely opposes the writer’s point of view. （182 ）

6

講 congestion pricing。 說為了緩解交通擁堵，解決辦法就是在 city 中的某個(gè)區(qū)域收費(fèi)，這樣就能緩解一下。

第一個(gè) point.  這樣做可以 improve time(主要就是說節(jié)省時(shí)間)

第二個(gè) point.  可以改善環(huán)境 improve that area's environment

第三個(gè) point.  收的 fee 可以用于 revenue（這個(gè)單詞沒記住怎么拼大概就） the city 可以再

修路，修橋什么的:  lecture 中，professor 否定了這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。

1. 他認(rèn)為這樣做有些司機(jī)不愿意花錢走這個(gè)區(qū)域就得繞路，更浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。舉了個(gè)例子：送快遞的，他們要省錢，所以送快遞的時(shí)候會(huì)變長。

2.在收費(fèi)區(qū)里面環(huán)境可能會(huì)好點(diǎn)，但是周圍的車相對(duì)就會(huì)增多，noise and air pollution 就會(huì)多。所以不是整個(gè) city 都能環(huán)境變好

3.有的人不能 afford 這個(gè)費(fèi)用了，就會(huì)去坐 subway，政府就得出更多的錢維護(hù) subway，這樣一來收的那點(diǎn)錢可能還不夠維護(hù)的，所以也不能起到幫助修橋，修路什么的作用了

版本二

擬行一個(gè)收費(fèi)計(jì)劃，即進(jìn)入市區(qū)的車都收費(fèi)。括號(hào)里是教授反對(duì)的話，

一，可以減少交通量，大家能更快到達(dá)目的地（大家要繞路，不能省時(shí)間

二，對(duì)市區(qū)環(huán)境有好處（會(huì)危害郊區(qū)環(huán)境）

三， 政府可以收更多的錢（政府要花錢修路，人民要花車買車）。

it's about the cities' congestion pricing policy, the reading is in the positive attitude: 1.time saving

2.good for the environment 3.considerable revenue. While, the speaker refutes the three points one by one.

英文版：It’s about the cities' congestion pricing policy; the reading is in the positive attitude: 

1.time saving 

2.good for the environment 

3.considerable revenue. 

While, the speaker refutes the three points one by one.

7

Topic Great 的三個(gè)作用。

閱讀

1. 是儲(chǔ)存糧食,cattle。For storing grain and cattle

2. gold mining 那底下有好多礦物啥的。 There is a large quantity of minerals beneath the Great XXX.

3. Observatory

聽力反對(duì)

1. 只是看起來像是 grain storage,里面都沒 有 grain;

2. thanks to carbon radiation detecting(好像是這個(gè))它底下是有礦什么的,但是那些人并不知道;(綜合寫作第二點(diǎn)反駁好像有說挖礦手藝在這塔之后才出現(xiàn) 所以時(shí)間上不 對(duì))Although there are minerals underneath the structure, people back then did not know it; plus, people mastered the mining technology only after the Great XXX was constructed.

3.觀天文用的 tower,他們 design 的時(shí)候會(huì)有特定的 angle 和 distance,但是這個(gè)經(jīng)過勘察,它不符合他們天文塔的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Towers for observing stars require specific angles and distance, however, this Great XXX does not meet such requirements.

關(guān)鍵詞：7月6日 小范圍預(yù)測(cè) 機(jī)經(jīng)

推薦閱讀〉〉〉

獨(dú)立寫作

1

Workers would be much happier if they are doing different types of tasks during their workday than doing the same task.

分類：比較類

思路拓展：

同意：

1. 長期從事同樣的工作會(huì)使人們對(duì)于工作失去積極性，變得像機(jī)器一樣。

2. 長期接觸同樣的工作會(huì)限制人們的眼界與思維。

3. 從事多種工作會(huì)激發(fā)人們的創(chuàng)新意識(shí)，推動(dòng)社會(huì)發(fā)展與變革。

不同意：

1. 專注于一項(xiàng)工作才能最有效的保證工作質(zhì)量。

2. 如果人們從事一些他們并不擅長的工作會(huì)影響他們的工作質(zhì)量 ， 長此以往會(huì)影響他們的自信心 。

3. 如果每個(gè)人都從事多樣的工作會(huì)使得工作競(jìng)爭(zhēng)變得更加激烈 ， 人們的工作壓力變得更大 ，從而會(huì)引發(fā)一些健康問題和社會(huì)問題 。

參考答案 ：

The world we are living in has seen drastic changes during the past decades, thanks to the fast development of science and technology. In such context of technological development, more employment opportunities have been created. While, in the meantime, many problems have arisen, a perturbing one of which is the discussion about whether people should simultaneously pursue various jobs. Some people who favor it significance maintain that various jobs are favorable for people to improving their career prospect.

Nevertheless, some others with a converse opinion insist that focusing on single work can is more sensible choice. Personally, I am in favor of the later viewpoint.

In some senses, a life-time career has its merits. First, if you stick at taking a post, all angles of the job will have appeared; after some time, you will definitely have a good command of it. Consequently you may become a veteran of the field and earn respect or prestige from others. Second, you can establish an extensive social connections relating to the field, helping you tear down most of the barriers standing in the way of your working endeavor. Finally,

learned the lessons.

However, as the modern society develops, experiencing different jobs has its advantages. Initially, we look at the issue of bribery. Many high-level staff is inclined to accept bribes via power in hand. However, if he knows that someone else will soon take his place, such acts can be avoided. We then look at work motivation. If one works for the same company for a long time without promotion, he may get sick and tired of doing the same daily routine. Nonetheless, a manager should have qualities of a sense of teamwork and the capability of coordination. Therefore, to try various positions can help you gain ground to be promoted.

In summary, staying in the same post can cultivate one to cut out for the job but involve one in a boring career while changing jobs frequently can be both advantageous by keeping bribery away and providing one with more opportunities of promotion and disadvantageous by making mistakes occasionally. In my opinion, people should seek a decent and good-paid job and pay little attention to changing it.

(377 Words)

拓展題目：

1 、People who have learned many different skills are more likely to succeed than those who focus on learning only one skill.

2 、Students should not take part?time jobs while they are studying in the university.

3 、Younger school children (aged five to ten) should be required to study art and music in addition to math, language, science and history.

2

Teachers were more appreciated and valued by the society in the past than they are now.

分類：今昔對(duì)比類

思路拓展：

同意：

1. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展使得人們可以從多種渠道獲取知識(shí) ， 沒有必要一定走進(jìn)學(xué)校接受教育 。

2. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程 ，在線課程 ，各類教學(xué)軟件多種多樣，即 使 沒 有 老 師 指 導(dǎo)，人 們 同 樣 可 以 進(jìn) 行學(xué)習(xí)。

3. 老師的收入并不算很高，很多人不愿選擇教師作為職業(yè)。

不同意：

1. 社會(huì)發(fā)展使得人們對(duì)于知識(shí)的渴求變得更加強(qiáng)烈。

2. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育或在線教育永遠(yuǎn)不可能取代學(xué)校教育 ， 因?yàn)閷W(xué)生在學(xué)�？梢噪S時(shí)向老師提出問題并且得到正確的回答。

3. 盡管各類的教學(xué)軟件越來越多 ， 但是這些軟件的編寫與設(shè)計(jì)同樣離不開各科的老師的幕后指導(dǎo)。

參考答案 ：

As the education is playing more and more important role in social life, one controversial issue comes up that whether nowadays students do not respect teachers as much as in the past. Admittedly, we are emphasizing that everyone is equal and stressing the right to express our ideas different from others. However, on one can assert that current teachers are less appreciated and valued than ever before. Despite of different people hold various perspectives, I, given this chance, prefer to assert that nowadays students respect teachers as much as in the past. My point of view, involves the fundamental and deep discussions as follows. 

To begin with, one should emphasize that nowadays people’s concerns about the education are becoming more and more than in the past. It is undeniable that the teachers play the vital roles in the education and get more respect than in the past. To make it more compelling, let me use more details to demonstrate it. As we all know, to make ourselves more outstanding in this competitive society, we should study hard to compete with others.

In addition, the teachers guide us in our study life and then we must respect teachers to gain the knowledge.However, in the past people always adopted several children and they main concerned about how to solve problem about the supplication of food instead of the education. Due to the change of importance of the teachers in the society, students would respect less than nowadays. Obviously, nowadays students respect teachers more than in the past. 

In addition, another essential and compelling argument that always deserves people’s attention is that the nowadays teachers have more abundant knowledge and more wide perspectives, and then students become more adore teachers than before. Both common sense and our daily experience inform us that with the development of science and technology, teachers have more ways to gain the knowledge than what I can imagine, such as searching Internet, devoting themselves into the specific research and so forth.

What’s more, the nowadays teachers gain the higher degree than before, such as masters and professors instead of the undergraduate. Nevertheless, in the past teachers always gained knowledge from books. Hence nowadays teachers will be more profound

than the teacher in the past and gain more respect from students. 

Admittedly, there are some students do not respect teachers. However the number just occupies the small rate of all students. Furthermore we should acknowledge that there must students do not respect teacher in the past either. 

To sum up, some people might still remain unconvinced, but the reasons I have analyzed would make them more aware of the dimensions of this issue. Hence at last, there will be no doubt that the nowadays students do more respect teachers than in the past.

(471 Words)

題目擴(kuò)展：

Teachers had a greater influence on young people in the past than they do today.

Teaching is harder than it was in the past.

Nowadays students do not respect teachers as much as in the past.

3

Modern agriculture methods damage the environment, but providing food for the growing population around the world is more important than protecting the environment.

分類：比較類

思路拓展：

同意：

1. 吃飽飯是每個(gè)人基本的生存權(quán)利，保證人們吃飽飯也是政府們的 基本義務(wù)。

2. 人口快速增長，糧食產(chǎn)量供不應(yīng)求，政府更應(yīng)該大力發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)科技。

3. 尤其在一些欠發(fā)達(dá)國家或地區(qū)，政府應(yīng)該首先大力發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)科技從而使得人們避免饑餓。

不同意：

1. 農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展是一時(shí)的 ， 環(huán)境保護(hù)才是長期存在的問題 。 人們更應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境以保證社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

2. 如果一味發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)而忽略了環(huán)境保護(hù)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些比饑餓問題更加嚴(yán)重的自然問題。

3. 尤其對(duì)于發(fā)達(dá)國家來說 ， 農(nóng)業(yè)已經(jīng)足夠發(fā)展 ， 更應(yīng)該將更多的精力與經(jīng)濟(jì)投入放到環(huán)境保護(hù)之中。

參考答案 ：

The world we are living in has seen drastic changes during the past decades, thanks to the fast development of science and technology. In the context of such development, the efficiency of agricultural production has substantially improved with the appearance of labor-saving and labor-replacing machines. Nevertheless, the application of these advanced technologies has simultaneously brought much environmental problems. Accordingly, many people confused aboutwhether providing more food to more people thereby solving starvation problems is more essential than protecting the environment. This problem has aroused much debate therefore it is deserved for people to analyze.

First and foremost, food is the basic living requirement for each person. For each individual, avoiding starvation is the foundation of all kinds of social activities. Moreover, providing enough food to citizens thereby solving starvation problems and satisfying their basic living rights is simultaneously the fundamental responsibility of each government. Take some undeveloped countries, especially some African countries, as an example. Population growth causes food demand substantially exceeds supply, therefore starvation problem is becoming more and more serious in those countries. If this situation persists, it will inevitably affect local harmonious and stability. For the government of these areas, improve the agricultural investment and use some more advanced agricultural equipment can effectively solve starvation problem and then enhance citizens’ quality of life. Therefore, in these countries, agricultural development is more important than environmental protection.

While, on the other hand, for most developing countries and developed countries, government should properly reduce the utilization rate of agricultural machines thereby ensuring countries’ sustainable development. If government just focusing on developing agriculture while ignoring environmental protection, human-beings will pay a heavy price for such behaviors as it will cause amount of more serious environmental problems, such as air pollution, energy crisis, global warming and climate change. In addition, agricultural development can be considered as a current and short-term problem while environmental protection can be considered as a long-term problem. Therefore it is selfish that current people just focus on their present profit and requirement while ignoring the negative effects, which will bring to their descendants.

In summary, I would concede that environmental protection is as important as agricultural development for current society. Nevertheless, for those undeveloped countries or areas, government should give priority to developing agriculture thereby solving the starvation problem. On the other hand, for other countries, government should keep a balance between agricultural development and environmental protection. I firmly believe these two issues can well compatible with each other as long as people can optionally use those advanced technologies.

(423 Words)

題目擴(kuò)展：

1 、Improving schools is the most important factor for the successful development of a country.

2 、Governments should focus its budgets more on environmental protection than on economic development.

3 、The environmental issue is too complex to be handled by the individual. The food we eat today is much healthier than in the past.

4

We should state our honest opinions even though other people may disagree with them.

5

In order to attract good students, a university should spend a lot of money funding social activities.

6

Teaching is harder than it was in the past. 

分類： 今夕對(duì)比類

思路拓展：

思路1 ： 同意

1. 現(xiàn)在學(xué)生們要學(xué)的 知識(shí)多且復(fù)雜；

2. 現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生越來越不好管理，對(duì)老師的管理能力提出更高要求；

3. 教育資源豐富舍得學(xué)生能夠判斷出老師水平，側(cè)面給老師教學(xué)帶來壓力；

思路2 ： 不同意

1. 現(xiàn)在很多學(xué)校有團(tuán)隊(duì)?起合作備課；

2. 現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源非常豐富，可以供老師參考，而且很多管理學(xué)生的書籍；

3. 現(xiàn)在各種設(shè)備比如電腦和投影儀的使用都有助于老師的教學(xué)；

擴(kuò)展題目 ：

Young people today are less dependent on their parents than in the past.

Teachers had a greater influence on young people in the past than they do today.

Young people today do not respect their teachers as much as they did in the past. 

關(guān)鍵詞：7月6日 小范圍預(yù)測(cè) 機(jī)經(jīng)

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