托福語法之冠詞的用法小集錦

一 基本規(guī)律 (Basic rules)

1. Indefinite article (不定冠詞)  我們用 "a , an "當我們不知道他是諸多人或事中的哪一個：

* is one of many. ( 是許多個中的一個) 　　

He is an artist.(=there are many artists) 　　

* is not unique. (不是唯一的) 　　

I have just bought a book 　　

* has not been mentioned before. (之前沒有提到過) 　　

There was a new student in class today.

2. Definite article (定冠詞) 我們用 "the "當我們知道他是諸多人或事中的哪一個： 　　

* is unique (or unique in that context) (是唯一的) 　　

The Australian Prime Minister. (=there is only one) 　　

I looked inside, the engine was in a terrible state. (=there is only one engine, in this case) 　　

* has been mentioned before. (之前提到過) 　　

The man gave me a ticket. I looked at it, and saw that the ticket was a single. 　　

* is defined by the phrase which follows it. (要被接下來的短語詳細說明) 　　

What is the new student's name?

3. No articles (無冠詞) 　　

我們不用冠詞當我們普遍地提及事物的時候： 　　

* using plural or uncountable nouns (在使用復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時) 　　

Do you like sport? 　　

* with the names of people or places, but there are many exceptions (人名和地名的時候不用冠詞，但是地名有許多例外，下文一一介紹) 　　

He is Professor Jones

4. Fixed phrases ( 固定短語) 　　

有許多固定搭配需要用或者不用冠詞，我們應該來單獨學習，他們包括： 　　

a few at home at work at the beginning atthe end go to bed 　　

go to the cinemas, shops, station in the world once a week 　　

sixty kilometres an hour the next the other the other day the same

二 經(jīng)常發(fā)生問題的區(qū)域 (Areas that often cause problems)

1. Jobs (工作)  如果有許多人做這個工作我們用 a 或 an.：My husband is an architect. (=there are many architects) 　　但是如果一個工作特別對應一個人，我們就要用“the”了：He is having talks with the French foreign minister(外交部長). (=there is only one)

2. Superlative (最高級)  我們使用“the”在形容詞最高級前面：She is the best person for the job.

3. Last and next 　　有一些形容詞如 “last” 和 “next ”同時可以用也可以不用定冠詞“the”但是句意會發(fā)生變化，I saw James last night. (=the one before this one) ， It is the last night of our holiday. (=the fanal one) ， I will see you next week.(=the one after this one)

4. Institutions: school, prison, university, church, home, hospital   和以上機構連用時我們不用定冠詞“the”，My sister had to stay in hospital overnight. 然而，如果我們指的是這個建筑，我們就要用“the” ，Our flat is opposite the hospital.

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