托福聽(tīng)力題型特點(diǎn)總結(jié)及應(yīng)對(duì)策略

托福聽(tīng)力是托�？荚嚨牡谝徊糠�，通常托福聽(tīng)力發(fā)揮的好壞直接影響下面的考試，下面是新通外語(yǔ)老師為大家分享托福聽(tīng)力題型特點(diǎn)總結(jié)及應(yīng)對(duì)策略。

一. Basic Comprehension   基本理解力

1,Gist question（主旨題）

1)，主旨內(nèi)容題

提問(wèn)方式：

What problem does the man have?

What are the speakers mainly discussing?

What is the main topic of the lecture?

What is the lecture mainly about?

What aspect of X does the professor mainly discuss?

題型特征：

◆每篇一題

◆開(kāi)頭出現(xiàn)或者需進(jìn)行篇章概括

應(yīng)對(duì)策略：

◆開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山式的主旨：注意文章開(kāi)頭的信號(hào)詞

I am here to talk about... /I'm interested in...  /

Today, I want to talk about../

Last week we talked about.... Today, we are going to move on...

We've been talking ...Today, we are going to talk about

◆需進(jìn)行概括的主旨：總結(jié)全文反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞和文章的主要細(xì)節(jié)

◆排除選項(xiàng)中太具體和太抽象的內(nèi)容；排除文章細(xì)枝末節(jié)

2)，主旨目的題

提問(wèn)方式：

Why does the student visit the professor?

Why does the student visit the register's office?

Why did the professor ask to see the student?

Why does the professor explain X?

題型特征：

主要出現(xiàn)在conversation中

應(yīng)對(duì)策略：

把握對(duì)話(huà)的開(kāi)頭。

2,Detail question（細(xì)節(jié)題）

提問(wèn)方式：

According to the professor , what is one way that can affect Y?

What is X?

What results from the invention of the X?

According to the professor, what is the main problem with the X theory?

題型特征：

◆每篇2-3個(gè)

◆考查具體的信息，例如事實(shí)、描述、定義、原因和例子

應(yīng)對(duì)策略：

◆充分全面的做好筆記;

◆注意表示因果,轉(zhuǎn)折,強(qiáng)調(diào) ,解釋, 舉例等表示描述的事實(shí)、描述、定義、原因和例子的詞語(yǔ)

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因果

常出現(xiàn)的：Because, since , so，therefore,As a result ,then，for this reason,

其他：hence , resulting, thus,  consequently……..

轉(zhuǎn)折

常出現(xiàn)的： though , although, even though, in spite of , however，On the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary

其他：despite, regardless , notwithstanding盡管

yet , nevertheless , instead , rather , whereas然而

強(qiáng)調(diào)

Definitely ,extremely, especially, obviously , absolutely, positively, surprisingly, in fact, emphatically , indeed, in any case, only

Unquestionably, without a doubt ,best

解釋

Define，is defined as，known as, that is ,the term means ,we mean,  we refer to

舉例

常出現(xiàn)的：for example, for instance , such as, in this situation, on this occasion,

其他：take the case of , to demonstrate, to illustrate , as an illustration,like, in this/another case

二. Pragmatic Understanding  語(yǔ)用理解力

1）Function （功能題，即重聽(tīng)題）

提問(wèn)方式：

What does the professor imply when he says this:（reply)

What can be inferred from the professor's response to the student?（reply)

What is the purpose of the woman's response?（reply)

Why does the student say this?（reply)

題型特征：

◆每篇一題

◆重聽(tīng)部分是涉及語(yǔ)氣和語(yǔ)調(diào)的口語(yǔ)表達(dá)

◆問(wèn)題涉及理解說(shuō)話(huà)者的意圖和理解語(yǔ)句表達(dá)的真正含義

應(yīng)對(duì)策略：

◆關(guān)鍵是理解重聽(tīng)內(nèi)容在重聽(tīng)那一段話(huà)中的作用，也就是理解這句話(huà)的語(yǔ)境意義。理解語(yǔ)境是解答功能題的關(guān)鍵。

◆熟悉功能體常考的幾種功能類(lèi)型

①　解釋功能Explanation，常見(jiàn)的信號(hào)詞有 Simply put / Let's put in this way/ I think I should/ you mean等；

②　總結(jié)功能Conclusion，常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞有now to sum/ wrap up my speech，anyway等；

③　建議功能 Suggestion，常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞有 you should have done something better ,I suggest, I propose, I think, if I were you, why don't you 等;

④　鼓勵(lì)功能Inspiration，常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞有come on, you are supposed to know this等；

⑤　強(qiáng)調(diào)功能Emphasis，常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞有 please bear in mind that…/ Rhetorical question反問(wèn)句等；

⑥　更正錯(cuò)誤功能 Correcting mistake，常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞有 wait a minute/ I made a slip of tongue, oh, I'm sorry, oh, what do I mean等。

2）Attitude（態(tài)度題）

提問(wèn)方式：

What can be inferred about the student?

What is the professor's attitude toward…?

What is the professor's opinion of …?

What can be inferred about the student when she says this：

What does the woman mean when she says this?

題型特征：

◆每篇一題

◆考察說(shuō)話(huà)人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)意圖，感情色彩

應(yīng)對(duì)策略：

◆注意教授在講課過(guò)程中語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)調(diào)的起伏變化：重音、放慢語(yǔ)速或停頓的地方

◆通過(guò)形容詞或副詞的感情色彩來(lái)把握說(shuō)話(huà)人的意圖

◆熟悉選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的情感表達(dá)

積極的情感：interesting，impressed,amused，excited,likes/wants

消極的情感：confused,embarrassed，worried ,concerned，upset,annoyed,frustrated,reluctant.

確定的態(tài)度：unsure，uncertain，doubtful,confident

3. Connecting Information   連接信息力

1). Organization Question(結(jié)構(gòu)題）

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提問(wèn)方式：

How does the professor organize the information that she presents to the class?

How does the professor clarify the points he makes about Mexico?

題型特征：

◆主要出現(xiàn)在lecture中，

◆考察整篇文章或段落的結(jié)構(gòu)方式，或者特定部分在整體環(huán)境中所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)慕巧?/p>

應(yīng)對(duì)策略：

◆熟悉文章的幾種基本敘述方式:

如順序的敘述方式，按年代的敘述方式，分小項(xiàng)的敘述方式

◆熟悉局部的敘述方式

比如:下定義，列舉，因果，比較以及對(duì)照等敘述方式。

2）Connecting content question（信息連接題，也就是表格題）

提問(wèn)方式：

What is the likely outcome of doing procedure X before procedure Y?

What can be inferred about X?

What does the professor imply about X？

題型特征：

◆一般每篇1題

◆考察學(xué)生在掌握信息的基礎(chǔ)上，處理信息間的聯(lián)系過(guò)程（有別于細(xì)節(jié)題）

應(yīng)對(duì)策略：

了解連接基本信息的方法

①　Yes/No

②　按照項(xiàng)目分類(lèi) ,也就是配對(duì)

③　順序的過(guò)程：stepA-stepB-stepC

3)Inferences Question(推理題）

提問(wèn)方式：

What can be inferred about X?

What dose the professor imply about X?

What does the professor imply when he says this(replay)

題型特征：

◆每篇一題左右

◆類(lèi)似詢(xún)問(wèn)說(shuō)話(huà)者態(tài)度的問(wèn)題,不同之處在于需要綜合利用更加多元化的信息。

應(yīng)對(duì)策略：

◆找出題目中需要推論的對(duì)象,推論的對(duì)象往往與文章的整體內(nèi)容相關(guān)，需一邊聽(tīng)較長(zhǎng)的文章，一遍綜合各種信息。

◆熟悉正確及錯(cuò)誤答案的類(lèi)型

正確答案：聽(tīng)到的文章內(nèi)容的完全綜合再陳述（同義改寫(xiě)）

錯(cuò)誤答案：對(duì)于原文內(nèi)容的重復(fù)

                有邏輯跳躍的推論

◆在文章的結(jié)尾部分推測(cè)未來(lái)行動(dòng)或事件。

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