托福閱讀：如何猜詞

托福閱讀最重要的其實(shí)就是托福閱讀詞匯，不認(rèn)識(shí)詞什么都是白搭，但是反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)托福閱讀題中的所有詞都認(rèn)識(shí)也不是所有人都能做到的，下面就來(lái)看看這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

1.托福閱讀詞匯根據(jù)定義、解釋猜測(cè)詞義

We all know that ants are ferocious eaters. They differ widely in their diets and may be carnivorous, herbivorous, or omnivorous, meaning that some eat meat; others eat only plants while others eat a combination of both.由后面的解釋我們可以得知：“carnivorous”的意思是“食肉的”;“herbivorous”的意思是“食草的”;“omnivorous”的意思是“雜食的”。

2.托福閱讀詞匯根據(jù)復(fù)述(同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等)猜測(cè)詞義

Today, I’d like to talk about some of the changes land can undergo, specifically desertification, process through which land becomes part of a desert.

后面的同位語(yǔ)告訴我們“desertification”的意思是“沙漠化。”

3.托福閱讀題中根據(jù)舉例猜測(cè)詞義

After breakfast, many people go to church; but the children will be playing with their new toys, and the mother will probably be preparing the Christmas dinner. This includes poultry for the main course (e.g. chicken, turkey, duck, goose), salads, breads, and vegetable, and features a variety of desserts, for example, pies, puddings, and ice cream.

“chicken, turkey, duck, goose”同屬“poultry：家禽”。

4.根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義

Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time.

“while”是一個(gè)顯示對(duì)比的信號(hào)詞，“reticent”與“talking”相對(duì)應(yīng)，“reticent”：沉默的。

5.根據(jù)比喻關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義

The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a cork (軟木塞) in water.

把熱氣球比作水中的軟木塞，說(shuō)明“buoyant ”的意義：“漂浮;浮力。”

6.根據(jù)同義詞的替代猜測(cè)詞義

Venus rotates retrograde, or “backwards”, spinning in the opposite direction of its orbit around the Sun.

由“backwards”這一替代詞得知“retrograde”的意思：“向后的。”

7.有時(shí)也可根據(jù)一般性常識(shí)/生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義

The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.

門太低，我的頭撞在“lintel門楣”上了。

8.也可根據(jù)詞形構(gòu)造猜測(cè)詞義

More recently, scientists have documented an alarmingly high occurrence of frogs with malformations.

form是詞根, formation“形式”，mal-:構(gòu)詞前綴，可表示“壞、惡、不良”，還可表示“不、不正常、不當(dāng)、非法。”malformation的意思就應(yīng)該是“畸形。”更多的例子如：malnutrition: 營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良;malconduct:(公職人員的)胡作非為;maladjustive: 引起失調(diào)的;不利調(diào)節(jié)的。

當(dāng)然，要想做到這一點(diǎn)，就必須掌握英語(yǔ)常用的前綴、后綴及詞根的意義。

以上這幾種方法都可以很好地幫助大家猜測(cè)出托福閱讀題中一些不認(rèn)識(shí)的托福閱讀詞匯的意思，大家在以后的托福閱讀考試和練習(xí)中不妨試一試這樣對(duì)于分?jǐn)?shù)的提高一定有幫助。

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