2014年12月27日/28日托�？谡Z大范圍預(yù)測

獨立口語

121028 CN

S1 Your University is planning to allow students to watch TV in theirs dormitories. What is your opinion and why? What are the advantages and disadvantages of watching TV in dormitories?

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S1 Describe a special gift you gave to someone else. Explain why it is a special gift?

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S1 Which of the following do you think is the most important for maintaining good health? Doing exercises, eating healthy food, or going to bed early?

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S2 Do you prefer a job with a lot of business travels or without business travels?

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S1 What do you think we should do to decrease the usage of car or other vehicle and solve the traffic problems?

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S1 In your opinion, which of the following activities can bring the most benefits to children and teenagers: reading books, talking with elderly members of the community or travelling to other countries?

S2 In some cities there is a law against making noises at night such as loud music or TV. Some people support this law, while others do not. What is your opinion?

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S1 Describe your favourite studying place. Explain why you like to study in this place. Please include reasons and examples to support your response.

S2 Some people prefer a job which deals with the same tasks every day. Others prefer a job which deals with many different tasks. Which do you prefer and why?

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S1 If you are a volunteer in a hospital, what kind of work would you choose? 1. Take care of patient's family 2. Talk to patient 3. Read to patient. Please give specific reasons and details.

S2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? When students hand in their assignments later than the deadline, teachers should reduce their scores.

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S1 Describe an activity you enjoy doing in your school recently. Why do you enjoy it? Please include specific reasons and details to support your response.

S2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person needs talent to be an artist. Please use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

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S1 Nowadays, air pollution is a common problem in many places. What can people do to reduce air pollution? Include reasons and details to support your response.

S2 Some people prefer to live in a traditional building, others prefer to live in a modern one. Which one do you prefer and why? Please give specific reasons to support your idea.

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S1 Which technology has made the greatest impact on people’s life in your country: airplane, computer or television?

S2 Some people believe that it is better for children to grow up in big cities. Others believe that it is better for children to grow up in small towns or rural areas. What is your opinion and why?

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S1 Describe the most unforgettable success in your life. Explain why this success is unforgettable to you.

S2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is never too late for an old person to receive higher education and get a university degree.

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S1 Describe a special experience that has changed you in a positive way. Explain how it changed you.

S2 Do you prefer to learn from people and events in the past or people and events that currently exist? Explain with specific reasons and details.

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S1 Describe the steps, through which you once learned a new subject and explain how you learned it. Please include details and examples in your response.

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5. S1 As we are facing serious environmental problems, what suggestions would you give on how to save our planet?

S2 Are you willing to carefully choose the gift which your friends like or choose whatever gift you like? Explain with specific reasons and details.

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S1 Describe your favourite teacher. Explain why you like him or her so much.

S2 Some people prefer to make decisions quickly. Others prefer to take their time to make decisions. Which way of decision-making do you prefer and why?

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S1 Among the following three professions, which one do you think makes the greatest contribution to society: teachers, farmers or doctors?

S2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to stay happy, you must have a job that you love doing.

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S1 Describe a person who you would like to spend time with. Explain why you want to spend time with him or her.

S2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should always study in a quiet place.

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101031 CN

S1 Describe an important day in your life. Explain why it is so important to you.

S2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Watching television is not a good way to spend one’s time.

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S1 In your opinion, why is it hard for university students to manage their time effectively?

S2 Some people think students in the future will have classes on the Internet, but others think students will still have classes in buildings. What is your opinion on this issue?

關(guān)鍵詞：12月27日/28日 托福口語 大范圍預(yù)測 托福機經(jīng)

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綜合口語

120728 CN

S4 Reading: Interest Boosting. Teacher sometimes use this to boost the interest of students in class by showing the material of the subject.

Listening: For example, the speaker's wife teaches students in high school, when she tried to showing something (I forgot the name), students do not seem to care about that. Then his wife use the strategy by bring the copy of the movie which related to the subject, because she thinks that students love that movie and the main actor, as a result, student really pay more attention on that.

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S3 要在數(shù)學(xué)樓里建一個餐廳，可以解決兩個問題：一個是課間學(xué)生有地方吃飯，另一個是可以給電腦充電。女學(xué)生同意。第一是學(xué)校食堂在 student centre，非常遠(yuǎn)，建了食堂解決此問題。第二是一般學(xué)生都會帶電腦上課 數(shù)學(xué)樓太老沒地方充電，建了就解決了。

S4 開頭的 feeding（ 應(yīng)為 commensal feeding） 兩種物種的共生關(guān)系。其中一種能從這種關(guān)系取得好處，另一個不受影響。給例子是給了一種鳥和 cattle 的例子。這種鳥吃一種昆蟲。這種鳥跟隨 cattle。當(dāng) cattle 吃草的時候鳥就容易找到那個昆蟲，cattle 不受影響。

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S4 Reading: Close communication bias 是講你跟你很熟悉的人反而交流有障礙，因為你對熟悉的人不會再去可以解釋你的習(xí)慣和習(xí)性。

Listening: 教授說了一個例子。一個學(xué)生和以前的教授很熟悉，他們經(jīng)常去意大利餐館吃飯。他決定和新來的教授和以前的教授一起去吃個飯。跟新來的教授講餐館的信息很清楚，位置、時間都很詳細(xì)，跟以前的教授直說去經(jīng)常去的餐館的老位置。新來的教授準(zhǔn)時出現(xiàn)在餐館，但是以前的教授卻去了另外一家餐館。請你根據(jù)例子解釋一下。

S5 Problem: 學(xué)期末，女生在一個很好的飯店訂了星期四的位置讓同學(xué)來聚一聚，但是有兩個同學(xué)沒有辦法來。

Solutions: 她有兩個選擇：一、還是在周四，但是不能帶這兩個同學(xué)；二、安排在周五但是周五很多同游要回家或者沒時間，那他們就不能在定好的那個好餐館。

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S3 Reading: 大學(xué)計劃增加校車班次和實施合理路線。優(yōu)勢1、對學(xué)生來說更方便。優(yōu)勢2、學(xué)生可以不用開車來學(xué)校了。

Listening: 女生贊成。理由1、如果她有兩節(jié)連著的課話，可能分在兩個教學(xué)樓里，從一個去另外一棟樓很不方便，很有可能會遲到。 理由2、目前校車班次太少，她以前坐校車經(jīng)常遲到，所以她只有開車來學(xué)校，但現(xiàn)在汽油很貴，這個計劃可以為她節(jié)約很多開支。

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S3 Reading: The Announcement: The University have decision about saving energy.：1. Turn off the original lights instead of efficient light bulb; 2. Switch off the air-conditioner in library.

Listening: Students' discussion: Disagree：1. The university should turn off the lights that the classrooms are not using. The efficient light bulb is too dark and they have to bring their reading lamps；2. If the university turn off the air-conditioner, in a hot day, the library will be uncomfortable. In that case, no one are going to study at there. They only can study in the dorm, however, the dorm is too noisy, very hard to concentrate.

S4 Reading: Human behaviour consists of a serial of simple behaviour. An educational method called "behaviour chaining".

Listening: Professor stated he taught his 3 years old daughter how to wash hands. The action break down into 5 steps. a. turn on the water b. wet the hands c. put some soap d. wash hands e. turn off water. The professor taught his daughter step by step until she knew every steps. After linking all the actions, his daughter knew how to wash hands finally.

S5 Problem: The man is going to attend a job interview, but he forgot his suit at his parents' home.

Solutions: 1. Borrow a suit from his roommate, but the roommate's suit too large. If he go for audition dressing the large suit, may give the employer a bad impression; 2. Buy a new one, but the man said it was too expensive, because he wanted to save the money to buy a new bike.

S6 在深海中，有些魚能通過身體的某些器官發(fā)光來躲避捕食者，有兩種途徑，舉了兩個例子：一個較D的魚從嘴里發(fā)出光，突然找到捕食者，讓它們背光刺激的無法辨識，然后乘機逃走；另一種魚是通過身體發(fā)光，讓捕食者無法看到自己的影子，而逃過被捕食。描述這兩種魚是怎樣躲避捕食的。

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S3 Reading: 學(xué)校支持學(xué)生買報紙，兩種方法提高讀者數(shù)量，降價和送貨上門。

Listening: 女學(xué)生不同意， 1價格已經(jīng)很便宜了50分， 價格沒什么影響。2 沒有那么多工作人員，沒有人力和車。

S4 Reading: natural consequence 講的小孩做錯事，大人可以不用懲罰，由著做錯事的結(jié)果來懲罰孩子。

Listening: 教授給了個例子，教授5歲的女兒經(jīng)常把玩具放在后院，平常教授都幫女兒收拾。 一天女兒還是把玩具放在后院，教授沒有幫收拾，那天晚上下雨，把她的玩具損壞了，女兒在這件事后認(rèn)識到自己的錯，以后再也不幫玩具放后院了。

S5 Problem: 男生要打印東西，但是他要去學(xué)校和不方便。

Solutions: 1. 從同學(xué)那買個二手的打印機，但是比較容易壞，并且打印效果不好；2. 買新的，貴，但是男生還有兩年畢業(yè)，可以買個新的也比較值。

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S3 Reading: Students in the university orchestra will perform in local school. They will have more chances to perform and inspire the kids to learn musical instruments. 學(xué)校要把concert舉辦到校外去，一來給學(xué)生多一些機會鍛煉，二來可以提高學(xué)校的reputation，引起schoolchild學(xué)音樂的興趣。

Listening: The man likes this idea. He gives two reasons. The first one is that students in the university orchestra only can perform once at the end of the semester. They practice and rehearse a lot. So it is a shame to perform once and the policy will give them more chances to perform. Secondly, they perform the concerts in local schools which will inspire the kids to learn musical instruments. It gets harder to learn when older. The man did not learn violin very young. He had spent quite some time to catch up with others. He thought if he started learning violin at a younger age, it would be easier for him. 男的支持，因為一來現(xiàn)在每年只有一次的concert，二來可以幫助孩子提高音樂興趣。

S5 Problem: man的roommate要搬到in campus，所以他要找一個新室友。

Solutions: 一個是前室友的朋友，人不錯但是有些messy。第二個是學(xué)校里貼advertisement。問你支持哪個，為啥。

S6 Lecture: 廣告讓受眾接受產(chǎn)品的兩個方法，一個是在合適的時間讓受眾看到，舉的例子是玩具車的廣告要在孩子們喜歡的電視節(jié)目的時間段播出，第二個好像是要和實際的產(chǎn)品結(jié)合，舉得例子似乎是他女兒和朋友們有個小玩具，然后最近要有關(guān)于這個玩具的節(jié)目上映了。

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S3 Reading: 學(xué)校通知學(xué)校計劃讓現(xiàn)在的 resident advisor去培訓(xùn)新來的 RA,之前的 advisor 都是學(xué)校的教職工給新的培訓(xùn),現(xiàn)在要改成由擔(dān)任過advisor的學(xué)生給新加入的培訓(xùn)。

Listening: 女的說她同意這樣做,理由有二。(1) 她做過advisor,說這樣做可以幫她的經(jīng)驗介紹給新的advisor,有助于解決 roommate 間的conflict;(2) 因為開學(xué)會有很多學(xué)生 move in, housing staff會很忙,有助于幫助 dormitory 分配房間。

S4 Reading: 講生物分工的(task partitioning)，為了獲得更高的效率。

Listening: 舉的 leaf cutter ants的例子,分 3步：(1)一部分負(fù)責(zé)從樹上把樹葉弄下來；(2)一部分負(fù)責(zé)把掉下來的樹葉cut成能運回nest的小分；(3)一部分負(fù)責(zé)把切好的樹葉運回。

S5 Problem: 一男的想把notes還給Tina,因為她要用,他在約好的地方等,Tina沒出現(xiàn),這個男的打電話Tina又不接，明天就要考試了，男生馬上也有事情。

Solutions: 女生給了兩個建議：(1) 放她 dorm ,男的說這樣他part time job就遲到了;(2)可以通過campus mail,然后給 Tina手機留言,但是男生說怕Tina下午才能收到筆記來不及復(fù)習(xí)。

S6 Lecture: The barrier of open new business. The first one is financial barrier, for example to open a new gym we should spend a lot of money on the expensive equipment and so on. The second one is customer loyal, the same example, people are used to go to the popular gyms that are opened before, and it is difficult to stop them to go there.

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S3 Reading: 學(xué)校貼出告示說要征集環(huán)保小代表，因為覺得校園里面不環(huán)保的事情太多了，但是征兆范圍僅限于環(huán)境科學(xué)相關(guān)專業(yè)的學(xué)生。

Listening: 男生不贊成：1，學(xué)校認(rèn)為學(xué)生環(huán)保意識不足，因為我每次都注意，再出門關(guān)燈等。2，為何只招收相關(guān)專業(yè)的？我不是相關(guān)專業(yè)但我很有環(huán)保意識，況且還能有培訓(xùn)機會。

S5 Problem: 男學(xué)生要搬家需要搬家具。

Solutions: 兩個方案：方案1、周末找租車公司，可是沒有適合的車，要不租大車，但是車太大了，且收費高。方案2、朋友愿意借車，但是車不夠大，要來回跑好幾趟。讓你選一個。

S6 Lecture: Small business的市場策略。對于Marketing廣告，投資一般很大，小企業(yè)怎么辦？兩個方法：1，聚焦客戶群：比如社區(qū)修電腦的僅在當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐓^(qū)報紙的科技版面登載廣告；2，與大品牌聯(lián)合營銷Joint Marketing：比如還是修電腦的可以將廣告放在社區(qū)最大電腦銷售商店的Leaflet上面一起推銷。

120428 CN

S3 Reading: A letter:建議學(xué)校在computer lab增加sign-up sheet，因為現(xiàn)在用電腦完成paper要等很長時間，預(yù)約可以提高效率。

Listening: 女學(xué)生不同意，如果規(guī)定用電腦的時間，inconvenient and low efficiency;另外，time slot學(xué)生們換來換去，loud noise.

S5 Problem: 男生要在課堂上表演莎士比亞的喜劇，他朋友幫她淹了一個角色，但是現(xiàn)在她生病了，感冒。

Solutions: 女生建議：explain the situation to the professor,改天演；男生不同意，reschedule到下周，下周還有另一個play要演；男生自己有個想法，說朋友愿意帶病演出（女生說真是good friend），但男生覺得不好（不人道）。

S6 Lecture: 公司商標(biāo)上給人不良印象的2個東西：1，容易讓人聯(lián)想不好的方面。比如說牙膏廣告，但是如果商標(biāo)上有黑黑的顏色，那樣人們就很難把這個商標(biāo)跟潔凈效果的牙膏聯(lián)系起來，銷量會下跌；2，讓人聯(lián)想到這個公司不夠時尚。比如說電話和網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司，如果商標(biāo)上仍然是父母那一輩人用的電話，那么就完全沒有跟上時代的感覺。

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S4 Reading: 內(nèi)在原因，當(dāng)人們找事情原因時，找自己的原因叫內(nèi)在原因。它可能會讓人失去自信，也可以自我鼓勵更加努力。

Listening: 教授舉例：自己在汽車公司管理銷售，第一個星期很落后，跟不上進(jìn)度，找自己的原因，覺得是自己的效率不高，不夠有條理，所以改進(jìn)的方法，最后提高了效率。

S5 Problem: 男生有問題，打印機壞了，哲學(xué)課的論文的最后幾頁褶皺了。

Solutions: 1. 另外打一份，弊端是浪費了經(jīng)濟(jì)課的討論小組；2. 去和教授說明情況，弊端是會讓教授覺得不夠重視。請發(fā)表自己的觀點。

S6 Lecture: 講了兩個不同的birds用來保護(hù)younger的辦法，通過建nest。第一種是natural barrier，通過自然環(huán)境來阻止predator。e.g.：magpie，他們把nest建在branch密密麻麻的地方，縱橫交錯，這樣predator很難reach。第二種是指own barrier，通過自己開阻礙predator。e.g.：African horn fill，他們把nest建在hollow tree，找個很小的洞建，并且用stick來把入口變小，這樣predator很難發(fā)現(xiàn)，但是夠birds把food 喂給younger。

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S3 Reading: 化學(xué)專業(yè)top student應(yīng)該拿獎學(xué)金。原因：1. 可以讓學(xué)生們更好學(xué)習(xí) 2. 對學(xué)院獲得的錢可以很好利用。

Listening: 一個男生不同意：1. 他覺得有證書就足夠了,可以反應(yīng)在簡歷上。2. 這筆錢可以有更好的用處，比如lab的很多設(shè)備都要換了，新的設(shè)備不僅對top student好，對其他學(xué)生也很好。

S4 Reading: 公眾效應(yīng)，人周圍的環(huán)境會影響一個人的行為。

Listening: 教授拿他女兒舉例子，說某次生日party，女兒收禮物，當(dāng)她收到她想要的禮物時會很開心，不是想象中的時候就會失落，教授怕她女兒表現(xiàn)不好，于是就跟她說她party的時候不能不高興，因為這樣會傷害給她禮物的人。后來party上，女兒收到grandma的禮物，是件衣服，女兒太小還不懂，就有點兒不高興，后來教授妻子突然說了一句好cute啊。然后女兒就擁抱了grandma，grandma也很開心。于是大家都開心了。

S6 Lecture: 美國發(fā)展快，主要原因之一就是railroad的發(fā)展：1. 方便商品運輸，舉例，某鐘表公司，有了鐵路，可以讓很多人都購買他的鐘表，不僅僅是那些本地的或周圍的，在遠(yuǎn)地方的人們也可以購買；2. 讓公司located in new area，舉例，某公司依靠煤發(fā)展，有鐵路后他們就可以選擇更好的地點而不是只在煤礦周圍，因為鐵路運輸可以讓他們得到煤。

120526 CN

S3 Reading: 學(xué)校要把學(xué)校的一個theatre租給一個local group當(dāng)?shù)貏�團(tuán)排練，劇團(tuán)也會做一些演出。因為暑假沒學(xué)生用，而且有summer class的學(xué)生可以有娛樂活動還可賺錢修設(shè)施。

Listening: 學(xué)生同意，覺得很cool，因為她就上過summer courses，覺得除了上課沒事干很boring，劇團(tuán)來演出下可以有意思些，而且出租賺的錢可以改善theatre現(xiàn)在的條件，比如椅子太破了。

S4 Reading: 環(huán)境的自我凈化能力self-purification.

Listening: 舉了個例子是森林里的stream，落葉會掉里面，如果不及時清理的話就把河道堵住了，對魚，河都不好，好在stream能self-purification，里面的bacteria能broke down葉子，這樣就不會對環(huán)境造成危害了。

S5 Problem: 一個學(xué)生獲得了一個internship，但是報到第一天她生病了。

Solutions: (1) 她想給boss打電話請假回去休息，但是害怕給boss的印象不好; (2) 而上班只上四個小時她可以晚上休息，她又想撐一撐留下好的第一印象。她不知道在家休息還是去上班。

關(guān)鍵詞：12月27日/28日 托�？谡Z 大范圍預(yù)測

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