2015年1月31日/2月1日托�？谡Z預(yù)測(cè)

2015年1月31日/2月1日托�？谡Z獨(dú)立口語預(yù)測(cè)

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S1 Describe a skill you have already learned and want to improve. Describe what you plan to do to improve it.

S2 Advertisements have too much influence on consumers' choices. What's your opinion on it? Please give reasons to support your response.

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S1 Describe an important day in your life. Explain why it is so important to you.

S2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Watching television is not a good way to spend one’s time.

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S1 Describe a person that you look up to as a role model. Explain how this person has influenced your life. Include details and examples to support your response.

S2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young children should learn to draw or paint. Include details and examples to support your response.

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S1 Describe an activity you enjoy doing in your school recently. Why do you enjoy it? Please include specific reasons and details to support your response.

S2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person needs talent to be an artist. Please use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

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S1 Describe an event in history that you would like to learn more about. Explain the reasons why you want to learn about it.

S2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The way people dress themselves reveals their personality.

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S1 Describe your favourite studying place. Explain why you like to study in this place. Please include reasons and examples to support your response.

S2 Some people prefer a job which deals with the same tasks every day. Others prefer a job which deals with many different tasks. Which do you prefer and why?

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S1 What do you think is ONE of the most important characteristics that a teacher should have? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why this characteristic is important.

S2 Some people prefer to make friends with people who have similar interests to theirs. Others prefer to make friends with people who have different interest to theirs. Which kind of friend do you prefer for yourself? Why?

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S1 One of your friends is going to study math as his major. What suggestions would you give to this friend? Please include examples and details in your answer.

S2 Some people would borrow money to buy things they need. Others would save up money until they can afford it. Which do you prefer and why? Please include examples and details in your answer.

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S1 Which of the following activities would you do with friends rather than alone? A. taking a walk B. watching a movie C. traveling.

S2 When going on vacations, some people prefer to go camping in tents, others prefer to stay in hotels. Which do you think is better?

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S1 Talk about what you like to do during your spare time. Give specific reasons and details in your explanation.

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S1 Your University is planning to allow students to watch TV in their dormitories. What is your opinion and why? What are the advantages and disadvantages of watching TV in dormitories?

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S1 Describe a special gift you gave to someone else. Explain why it is a special gift?

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S1 Which of the following do you think is the most important for maintaining good health? Doing exercises, eating healthy food, or going to bed early?

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S1 Your friend wants to drop out of university or college. Do you agree or disagree with his decision? Please explain your opinion with details.

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S1 What do you think we should do to decrease the usage of car or other vehicle and solve the traffic problems?

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S2 Here are two jobs with equal amount of time and pay. One you need to work with other employees in a group and the other requires you to work individually. Which do you prefer?

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S2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A good school must have many textbooks. Please include specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

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S2 Do you prefer a job with a lot of business travels or without business travels?

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S2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A good school must have many textbooks. Please include specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

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S2 In some cities there is a law against making noises at night such as loud music or TV. Some people support this law, while others do not. What is your opinion?

關(guān)鍵詞：1月31日/2月1日 托�？谡Z 預(yù)測(cè)

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2015年1月31日/2月1日托�？谡Z綜合口語預(yù)測(cè)

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S5 Problem: The man has to choose a farther route with more traffic jam because his old route is being reconstructed, and he has been late for the history classes for several times.

Solutions: 1. Wake up earlier than usual. Pro: He can arrive at school on time. Con: Sometimes he has to work until late at night, and he won't be able to wake up early the next morning. 2. He can take this class the next semester. Pro: It won't be a problem because it's only been 2 weeks since they started this semester.

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S4 Reading: Interest Boosting. Teacher sometimes use this to boost the interest of students in class by showing the material of the subject. Listening: For example, the speaker's wife teaches students in high school, when she tried to showing something (I forgot the name), students do not seem to care about that. Then his wife use the strategy by bring the copy of the movie which related to the subject, because she thinks that students love that movie and the main actor, as a result, student really pay more attention on that.

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S4 Reading: Human behaviour consists of a serial of simple behaviour. An educational method called "behaviour chaining".

Listening: Professor stated he taught his 3 years old daughter how to wash hands. The action break down into 5 steps. a. turn on the water b. wet the hands c. put some soap d. wash hands e. turn off water. The professor taught his daughter step by step until she knew every steps. After linking all the actions, his daughter knew how to wash hands finally.

S5 Problem: The man is going to attend a job interview, but he forgot his suit at his parents' home. Solutions: 1. Borrow a suit from his roommate, but the roommate's suit too large. If he go for audition dressing the large suit, may give the employer a bad impression; 2. Buy a new one, but the man said it was too expensive, because he wanted to save the money to buy a new bike.

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S3 Reading: 學(xué)校想增加theatre的座位，一個(gè)原因是座位少，很多同學(xué)買不到票；另一個(gè)原因是增加座位以后多賣票能多賺錢。

Listening: 女同學(xué)不同意，因?yàn)殡m然座位少，但是幾乎沒見過theatre坐滿過，所以總是能有空座位的；而且增加座位花的錢很多，一兩年賺不回來。

S4 Reading: internal competition

Listening: 教授舉了個(gè)他以前在汽車公司工作的例子，說競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手推出了新車上市，他們也得出新車，即使客戶大部分還是買原來賣的比較好的車，但是出于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，他們也得出新車。

S5 Problem: 男生選了American Literature課，但人巨多，該discuss的課沒機(jī)會(huì)discuss.

Solutions: 1. 組織outclass discuss group，但是很多人懶得參加，覺得那就跟多選了一門課似的。2. 是下學(xué)期再學(xué)，不過他還有一門別的課現(xiàn)在要寫個(gè)essay，需要literature這么課的內(nèi)容。

S6 Lecture: 講有些魚怎么躲避predator的。第一種是他們感覺很靈敏，舉例子是bony fish頭上長(zhǎng)了hair之類的可以感知predator. 第二種是有一種能力可以在在水里靜止然后躲起來，不讓predator察覺到，舉例是另一種魚可以在水里keep still時(shí)還讓水move，所以就能keep still然后等predator走了。

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S3 Reading: 一封來自professor給學(xué)生每人都發(fā)的一封郵件，關(guān)于下學(xué)期的教學(xué)策略。內(nèi)容是：首先，要求每個(gè)人在最后完成assignments之后，會(huì)被教授叫到辦公室進(jìn)行one-on-one talk，談一下這個(gè)學(xué)生的成績(jī)，解釋清為何給這個(gè)成績(jī)；另外，允許學(xué)生對(duì)他問他 questions from classwork，包括當(dāng)時(shí)在課堂上沒有機(jī)會(huì)問老師的問題。

Listening: 男的非常贊同。第一，學(xué)生們經(jīng)常碰到最后考試成績(jī)低于自己期望值的情況，但是又很尷尬不能去問老師到底為何這么低，這樣教授提供一個(gè)解釋，就讓他們釋然了；第二，能夠問老師更多問題當(dāng)然是很好的，當(dāng)時(shí)課堂基本就是聽教授的lecture，沒什么機(jī)會(huì)提問，這又是機(jī)會(huì)了。

S4 Reading: species interact with each other, usually benefit each other. Sometimes one take advantage of the other, only one of them benefits. 這就叫exploitation.

Listening: 舉例Bee & Flower. Depend on each other. Flower is the food source for Bee, Bee transport pollen for flower and help them reproduce.兩個(gè)互惠互利但是有特例，一種花orchid，外表bright，吸引bees采蜜，但其實(shí)它沒有nectar，去采蜜的時(shí)候，蜜沒采到，結(jié)果花粉pollen stick to bee’s body, 然后還是幫助orchid傳播了花粉。這就是exploitation，bee單方面的被利用了，花達(dá)到了傳播花粉的目的，蜜蜂得到了什么呢？

S5 Problem: 女生買了一張今天晚上的話劇票，哈姆雷特。答應(yīng)和朋友一起去。但是忘記明天有一個(gè)非常重要的生物學(xué)考試。

Solutions: 1.帶著書去，在去的bus上先看一部分，等看完話劇再回來完成剩下的部分。But 男生質(zhì)疑有時(shí)間在路上看么？能集中精力么？ 2. 就是取消這個(gè)約會(huì)，不去看話劇了，專心復(fù)習(xí)一整個(gè)晚上。朋友會(huì)理解，But 已經(jīng)買票了，而且女生很想看。

S6 Lecture: 公司一般通過經(jīng)本年度的profit 在下一年進(jìn)行invest來進(jìn)行增長(zhǎng)，一般有兩種方式：1.Internal：投入公司內(nèi)部的預(yù)算，比如buy new machine, training the employees.舉例：Wilson公司有很多很老的機(jī)器，然后buy new machine，提高效率，吸引了customer因?yàn)閟ave time，所以有了更多的客戶，公司得到了增長(zhǎng)。2.External：buy or merge the related company，可以得到該企業(yè)的客戶，實(shí)現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)。舉例：Wilson并購(gòu)了local supermarkets，得到了他們的客戶，因?yàn)榭蛻暨�是會(huì)在原來的超市購(gòu)買。因此 Wilson 的客戶 dramatically increased.

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S6在深海中，有些魚能通過身體的某些器官發(fā)光來躲避捕食者，有兩種途徑，舉了兩個(gè)例子：一個(gè)較D的魚從嘴里發(fā)出光，突然找到捕食者，讓它們背光刺激的無法辨識(shí)，然后乘機(jī)逃走；另一種魚是通過身體發(fā)光，讓捕食者無法看到自己的影子，而逃過被捕食。描述這兩種魚是怎樣躲避捕食的。

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S3 Reading: 學(xué)校支持學(xué)生買報(bào)紙，兩種方法提高讀者數(shù)量，降價(jià)和送貨上門。Listening: 女學(xué)生不同意， 1價(jià)格已經(jīng)很便宜了50分， 價(jià)格沒什么影響。2 沒有那么多工作人員，沒有人力和車。

S4 Reading: natural consequence 講的小孩做錯(cuò)事，大人可以不用懲罰，由著做錯(cuò)事的結(jié)果來懲罰孩子。Listening: 教授給了個(gè)例子，教授5歲的女兒經(jīng)常把玩具放在后院，平常教授都幫女兒收拾。 一天女兒還是把玩具放在后院，教授沒有幫收拾，那天晚上下雨，把她的玩具損壞了，女兒在這件事后認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)，以后再也不幫玩具放后院了。

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S5 Problem: man的roommate要搬到in campus，所以他要找一個(gè)新室友。Solutions: 一個(gè)是前室友的朋友，人不錯(cuò)但是有些messy。第二個(gè)是學(xué)校里貼advertisement。問你支持哪個(gè)，為啥。

S6 Lecture: 廣告讓受眾接受產(chǎn)品的兩個(gè)方法，一個(gè)是在合適的時(shí)間讓受眾看到，舉的例子是玩具車的廣告要在孩子們喜歡的電視節(jié)目的時(shí)間段播出，第二個(gè)好像是要和實(shí)際的產(chǎn)品結(jié)合，舉得例子似乎是他女兒和朋友們有個(gè)小玩具，然后最近要有關(guān)于這個(gè)玩具的節(jié)目上映了。

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S3 Reading: 學(xué)校通知學(xué)校計(jì)劃讓現(xiàn)在的 resident advisor去培訓(xùn)新來的 RA,之前的 advisor 都是學(xué)校的教職工給新的培訓(xùn),現(xiàn)在要改成由擔(dān)任過advisor的學(xué)生給新加入的培訓(xùn)。

Listening: 女的說她同意這樣做,理由有二。(1) 她做過advisor,說這樣做可以幫她的經(jīng)驗(yàn)介紹給新的advisor,有助于解決 roommate 間的conflict;(2) 因?yàn)殚_學(xué)會(huì)有很多學(xué)生 move in, housing staff會(huì)很忙,有助于幫助 dormitory 分配房間。

S4 Reading: 講生物分工的(task partitioning)，為了獲得更高的效率。

Listening: 舉的 leaf cutter ants的例子,分 3步：(1)一部分負(fù)責(zé)從樹上把樹葉弄下來；(2)一部分負(fù)責(zé)把掉下來的樹葉cut成能運(yùn)回nest的小分；(3)一部分負(fù)責(zé)把切好的樹葉運(yùn)回。

S5 Problem: 一男的想把notes還給Tina,因?yàn)樗�要�?他在約好的地方等,Tina沒出現(xiàn),這個(gè)男的打電話Tina又不接，明天就要考試了，男生馬上也有事情。

Solutions: 女生給了兩個(gè)建議：(1) 放她 dorm ,男的說這樣他part time job就遲到了;(2)可以通過campus mail,然后給 Tina手機(jī)留言,但是男生說怕Tina下午才能收到筆記來不及復(fù)習(xí)。

S6 Lecture: The barrier of opening new business. The first one is financial barrier. For example, to open a new gym, we should spend a lot of money on the expensive equipment and so on. The second one is customer loyalty, the same example, people are used to go to the popular gyms that are opened before, and it is difficult to stop them to go there.

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S3 Reading: 化學(xué)專業(yè)top student應(yīng)該拿獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。原因：1. 可以讓學(xué)生們更好學(xué)習(xí) 2. 對(duì)學(xué)院獲得的錢可以很好利用。

Listening: 一個(gè)男生不同意：1. 他覺得有證書就足夠了,可以反應(yīng)在簡(jiǎn)歷上。2. 這筆錢可以有更好的用處，比如lab的很多設(shè)備都要換了，新的設(shè)備不僅對(duì)top student好，對(duì)其他學(xué)生也很好。

S4 Reading: 公眾效應(yīng)，人周圍的環(huán)境會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的行為。

Listening: 教授拿他女兒舉例子，說某次生日party，女兒收禮物，當(dāng)她收到她想要的禮物時(shí)會(huì)很開心，不是想象中的時(shí)候就會(huì)失落，教授怕她女兒表現(xiàn)不好，于是就跟她說她party的時(shí)候不能不高興，因?yàn)檫@樣會(huì)傷害給她禮物的人。后來party上，女兒收到grandma的禮物，是件衣服，女兒太小還不懂，就有點(diǎn)兒不高興，后來教授妻子突然說了一句好cute啊。然后女兒就擁抱了grandma，grandma也很開心。于是大家都開心了。

S6 Lecture: 美國(guó)發(fā)展快，主要原因之一就是railroad的發(fā)展：1. 方便商品運(yùn)輸，舉例，某鐘表公司，有了鐵路，可以讓很多人都購(gòu)買他的鐘表，不僅僅是那些本地的或周圍的，在遠(yuǎn)地方的人們也可以購(gòu)買；2. 讓公司located in new area，舉例，某公司依靠煤發(fā)展，有鐵路后他們就可以選擇更好的地點(diǎn)而不是只在煤礦周圍，因?yàn)殍F路運(yùn)輸可以讓他們得到煤。

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S3 Reading: 學(xué)校貼出告示說要征集環(huán)保小代表，因?yàn)橛X得校園里面不環(huán)保的事情太多了，但是征招范圍僅限于環(huán)境科學(xué)相關(guān)專業(yè)的學(xué)生。

Listening: 男生不贊成：1，學(xué)校認(rèn)為學(xué)生環(huán)保意識(shí)不足，因?yàn)槲颐看味甲⒁猓�在出門時(shí)關(guān)燈等。2，為何只招收相關(guān)專業(yè)的？我不是相關(guān)專業(yè)但我很有環(huán)保意識(shí)，況且還能有培訓(xùn)機(jī)會(huì)。

S5 Problem: 男學(xué)生要搬家需要搬家具。

Solutions: 兩個(gè)方案：方案1、周末找租車公司，可是沒有適合的車，要不租大車，但是車太大了，且收費(fèi)高。方案2、朋友愿意借車，但是車不夠大，要來回跑好幾趟。讓你選一個(gè)。

S6 Lecture: Small business的市場(chǎng)策略。對(duì)于Marketing廣告，投資一般很大，小企業(yè)怎么辦？?jī)蓚�(gè)方法：1，聚焦客戶群：比如社區(qū)修電腦的僅在當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐓^(qū)報(bào)紙的科技版面登載廣告；2，與大品牌聯(lián)合營(yíng)銷Joint Marketing：比如還是修電腦的可以將廣告放在社區(qū)最大電腦銷售商店的Leaflet上面一起推銷。

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S3 Reading: A letter:建議學(xué)校在computer lab增加sign-up sheet，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在用電腦完成paper要等很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，預(yù)約可以提高效率。

Listening: 女學(xué)生不同意，如果規(guī)定用電腦的時(shí)間，inconvenient and low efficiency;另外，time slot學(xué)生們換來換去，loud noise.

S5 Problem: 男生要在課堂上表演莎士比亞的喜劇，他朋友幫她演了一個(gè)角色，但是現(xiàn)在她生病了，感冒。

Solutions: 女生建議：explain the situation to the professor,改天演；男生不同意，reschedule到下周，下周還有另一個(gè)play要演；男生自己有個(gè)想法，說朋友愿意帶病演出（女生說真是good friend），但男生覺得不好（不人道）。

S6 Lecture: 公司商標(biāo)上給人不良印象的2個(gè)東西：1，容易讓人聯(lián)想不好的方面。比如說牙膏廣告，但是如果商標(biāo)上有黑黑的顏色，那樣人們就很難把這個(gè)商標(biāo)跟潔凈效果的牙膏聯(lián)系起來，銷量會(huì)下跌；2，讓人聯(lián)想到這個(gè)公司不夠時(shí)尚。比如說電話和網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司，如果商標(biāo)上仍然是父母那一輩人用的電話，那么就完全沒有跟上時(shí)代的感覺。

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S4 Reading: 內(nèi)在原因，當(dāng)人們找事情原因時(shí)，找自己的原因叫內(nèi)在原因。它可能會(huì)讓人失去自信，也可以自我鼓勵(lì)更加努力。

Listening: 教授舉例：自己在汽車公司管理銷售，第一個(gè)星期很落后，跟不上進(jìn)度，找自己的原因，覺得是自己的效率不高，不夠有條理，所以改進(jìn)的方法，最后提高了效率。

S6 Lecture: 講了兩個(gè)不同的birds用來保護(hù)younger的辦法，通過建nest。第一種是natural barrier，通過自然環(huán)境來阻止predator。e.g.：magpie，他們把nest建在branch密密麻麻的地方，縱橫交錯(cuò)，這樣predator很難reach。第二種是指own barrier，通過自己來阻礙predator。e.g.：African horn fill，他們把nest建在hollow tree，找個(gè)很小的洞建，并且用stick來把入口變小，這樣predator很難發(fā)現(xiàn)，但是夠birds把food 喂給younger。

110108 CN

S4 Reading: stimulus discrimination講了動(dòng)物可以根據(jù)判斷sound，smell，movement來得知其他物種的情況。Listening: 教授列舉了一種X動(dòng)物，應(yīng)該是海豹吧。這種動(dòng)物能根據(jù)判斷sound來知道別的動(dòng)物是否要捕獵他們。如果對(duì)方的聲音不complex，他們就知道對(duì)方?jīng)]有攻擊的意思，就繼續(xù)自己的eating，它們才不浪費(fèi)自己的energy呢；如果對(duì)方的聲音complex，它們就知道對(duì)方要捕食它們了，這時(shí)就要escape了。

S5 Problem: woman's problem：she forgot her text book in her parent's home.

Solutions: 女生說可以borrow她室友Emily的text book，但她室友也選了這門課，所以她只有今天晚上能借來看，她勢(shì)必要熬夜，但是她昨晚又沒睡好,今晚要早點(diǎn)休息明天考試；男的說也是,那就說不如你明早趕緊開車回去拿,拿自己說比較好,就算你遲到教授也能理解。

S6 Lecture：comparative marketing risk1 讓公眾知道了competitor的名字,publicity of the name 例子某某soup的廣告讓觀眾把taste better和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的名字聯(lián)系起來risk2 insult consumers 例子某A香波廣告說某B廣告不好，會(huì)insult某B香波的使用者。

關(guān)鍵詞：1月31日/2月1日 托�？谡Z 預(yù)測(cè)

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