托福聽力：細(xì)節(jié)題定位方法

細(xì)節(jié)題是托福聽力中的一個重要部分，細(xì)節(jié)題的考點非常多，比如舉例，強(qiáng)調(diào)，比較等�？梢杂枚ㄎ环�，就是標(biāo)志詞或者短句，下面我們跟著TPO歷年真題來看一下。

分類：

1、表達(dá)進(jìn)一步解釋說明
　　"which means..."，"that is (to say)"，"I mean"，"in other words"，諸多定語從句和指示代詞
　　2、表達(dá)列舉關(guān)系
　　"besides"，"and"，"plus"，"also"，"...as well"，"another point I want to mention"
　　3、表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
　　"but"，"however"，"on the other hand"，"on the contrary"，"yet"
　　4、表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系
　　"so, that is..."，"it is... that..."，"he does do..."
　　5、表達(dá)因果關(guān)系
　　"so"，"thus"，"because"，"which leads to"，"which results in"

使用方法：需要熟悉這些短語或者句子，然后集中精力聽取下文，每天需要重復(fù)聽取，最終使自己成為一種習(xí)慣，當(dāng)聽到這些詞的時候，第一反應(yīng)是”下面就是重點了！“

例題1：TPO-24 Biology
　　7. According to the professor, what are two functions of the sounds made by male alligators? Click 2 answers
　　To frighten predators
　　To attract mates
　　To locate hatchlings
　　To threaten other males
　　And some of them are powerful enough to make the water vibrate. Thissends a strong, go-awaymessage to the other males. So the alligator can focus on sending   her sound waves through the water, sound waves that you and I couldn't even hear since they are at such low frequency. Butthey do reach the femalealligator, who then goes to find and mate with the male.
       因為this指代的是發(fā)出的聲音，警告其他的雄性離開，所以第一個功能是驅(qū)趕其他雄性鱷魚，轉(zhuǎn)折詞but和后面的do reach都是強(qiáng)調(diào)這句話的重要性，即為吸引雌性鱷魚。而后面的定語從句是進(jìn)一步解釋說明。答案選擇(BD)

第二類定位方法：極端詞

在這里我將極端此分為以下幾種：
　　1. 最高級如：best，most，worst等
　　2. 序數(shù)詞如：the first，the last，the least
　　3. 表示情感的形容詞：surprising，amazing，interesting等
　　4. 表示程度的副詞：extremely，especially，really
　　5. 其他詞匯：important，successful
　　當(dāng)聽到以上這些詞匯的時候，也要進(jìn)行反應(yīng)。

例題2： TPO-24 Dance History
　　17. Why does the professor say this 重聽題
　　To explain why Duncan was invited to perform in Russia
　　To indicate that the Russian government strongly supported ballet
　　To explain why there were more dance critics in Russia than in most other countries
　　To help explain why Duncan’s style was not appreciated by some dance critics
　　In 1904, she opened a school of modern dance in Berlin. And the next year she performed in Russia. But the Russian critics were not really kind. Some said Duncan's art form was closer to pantomime than to dance. But her style was a clear rebellion against ballet, and ballet is extremely importantin Russia.

本題是圍繞Russia舞蹈界的評論家展開的，他們不是特別友好(不接受的潛臺詞)，but提示后面是重點：Duncan的舞蹈風(fēng)格強(qiáng)烈的與芭蕾舞相沖突(二者不一致)，而且芭蕾舞對俄羅斯十分的重要。含義為：Duncan的舞蹈有悖于芭蕾舞的精髓，遭到了當(dāng)時俄羅斯舞蹈評論家的反對。答案選擇D
       針對第二個問題：將相近選項進(jìn)行漢譯英之后進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)化理解，就是用最簡單的日常生活用語理解選項內(nèi)容；與此同時，還要回憶本篇講座的中心思想，看選項是否與本文主旨一致。

例題3：TPO-20 Animal Behavior
　　13. According to the professor, what causes the snowshoe hare’s fur to begin turning white?
　　A. A decrease in the hours that the Sun is up each day.
　　B. A sudden drop in temperature.
　　C. The increasing amount of snow on the ground.
　　D. The changing nature of the food supply.
　　Timing is really important, butthe snowshoe hare doesn’t always get it exactly right. Its chances for survival are best if it turns white about the time of the first snowfall. Andit’s the amount of daylight that triggers the changing of the hare’s coat.

首先根據(jù)it is... That 句型定位到the amount of daylight....，trigger的原義指觸發(fā)，但根據(jù)文章，跟后面的changing of coat譯為使兔毛改變顏色(brown-> white)，因此理解為：日照長度引發(fā)兔毛顏色變化。
      選項A的直譯為：太陽日照的時間下降，但不管是下降也好還是增加也罷，都可以認(rèn)為是變化，故選此答案。
      托福聽力不僅僅考的是聽力本身，更重要的是對于題目的理解，也就是對選項和答案的理解，同義轉(zhuǎn)換成自己容易理解的意思更加有助于做題，這也是想考取聽力25分以上的考生所要做的努力。在做聽力的時候，一定要把題目和答案看懂后理解為自己的語言，來進(jìn)行作答。