SAT閱讀必考建國(guó)文獻(xiàn)之《獨(dú)立宣言》，你讀懂了么

新SAT閱讀中增加了對(duì)美國(guó)建國(guó)文獻(xiàn)的考察，也就是說(shuō)，如果沒(méi)讀過(guò)《獨(dú)立宣言》，沒(méi)學(xué)過(guò)美國(guó)憲法，不知道美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)的構(gòu)成和職能，不了解漢密爾頓是誰(shuí)等等，想讀懂新SAT閱讀是很難的。為了幫助童鞋們克服缺乏背景知識(shí)的障礙，小派老師特意整理了新SAT明確要考察的建國(guó)文獻(xiàn)之一《獨(dú)立宣言》的中英雙語(yǔ)版，希望對(duì)童鞋們備考新SAT有所幫助~

TheDeclaration of Independence

《獨(dú)立宣言》

IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776

1776年7月4日，國(guó)會(huì)

THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THETHIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERAICA

《美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)十三個(gè)州的一致宣言》

When in the course of human events, itbecomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which haveconnected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, theseparate and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature’s God entitlethem, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they shoulddeclare the causes which impel them to the separation.

在人類(lèi)事務(wù)的進(jìn)程中，當(dāng)一個(gè)民族必須解除同另一個(gè)民族的政治聯(lián)系，并按照自然和上帝賦予他們的法則，以獨(dú)立平等的身份，立于世界列國(guó)之林時(shí)，出于對(duì)人類(lèi)輿論的尊重，必須把驅(qū)使他們獨(dú)立的原因予以宣布。

We hold these truths to beself-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by theircreator with certain unalienable rights, that they are among these are life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

我們認(rèn)為下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主賦予他們?nèi)舾刹豢勺屌c的權(quán)利，其中包括生存權(quán)、自由權(quán)和追求幸福的權(quán)利。

That to secure these rights,governments are instituted among them, deriving their just power from theconsent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomesdestructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolishit, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principlesand organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely toeffect their safety and happiness.

為了保障這些權(quán)利，人們才在他們中間建立政府，而政府的正當(dāng)權(quán)利，則是經(jīng)被統(tǒng)治者同意授予的。任何形式的政府一旦對(duì)這些目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)起破壞作用時(shí)，人民便有權(quán)予以更換或廢除，以建立一個(gè)新的政府。新政府所依據(jù)的原則和組織其權(quán)利的方式，務(wù)使人民認(rèn)為唯有這樣才最有可能使他們獲得安全和幸福。

Prudence, indeed, will dictate thatgovernments long established should not be changed for light and transientcauses; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are moredisposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves byabolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.

But when a long train of abuses andusurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reducethem under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty,to throw offsuch government, and to provide new guards for their future security.

若真要審慎的來(lái)說(shuō)，成立多年的政府是不應(yīng)當(dāng)由于無(wú)關(guān)緊要的和一時(shí)的原因而予以更換的。過(guò)去的一切經(jīng)驗(yàn)都說(shuō)明，任何苦難，只要尚能忍受，人類(lèi)還是情愿忍受，也不想為申冤而廢除他們久已習(xí)慣了的政府形式。然而，當(dāng)始終追求同一目標(biāo)的一系列濫用職權(quán)和強(qiáng)取豪奪的行為表明政府企圖把人民至于專(zhuān)制暴政之下時(shí)，人民就有權(quán)也有義務(wù)去推翻這樣的政府，并為其未來(lái)的安全提供新的保障。

Such has been the patient sufferance ofthese colonies; and such is now the necessity, which constrains them to altertheir former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britainis usurpations, all having in direct object tyranny over these States. To provethis, let facts be submitted to a candid world.

這就是這些殖民地過(guò)去忍受苦難的經(jīng)過(guò)，也是他們現(xiàn)在不得不改變政府制度的原因。當(dāng)今大不列顛王國(guó)的歷史，就是屢屢傷害和掠奪這些殖民地的歷史，其直接目標(biāo)就是要在各州之上建立一個(gè)獨(dú)裁暴政。為了證明上述句句屬實(shí)，現(xiàn)將事實(shí)公諸于世，讓公正的世人作出評(píng)判。

He has refused his assent to laws, themost wholesome and necessary for the public good.

他拒絕批準(zhǔn)對(duì)公眾利益最有益、最必需的法律。

He has forbidden his Governors to passlaws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operationtill his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterlyneglected to attend them.

他禁止他的殖民總督批準(zhǔn)刻不容緩、極端重要的法律，要不就先行擱置這些法律直至征得他的同意，而這些法律被擱置以后，他又完全置之不理。

He has refused to pass other laws forthe accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people wouldrelinquish the right of representation in the Legislature, a right inestimableto them and formidable to tyrants only.

他拒絕批準(zhǔn)便利大地區(qū)人民的其他的法律，除非這些地區(qū)的人民情愿放棄自己在立法機(jī)構(gòu)中的代表權(quán)；而代表權(quán)對(duì)人民是無(wú)比珍貴的，只有暴君才畏懼它。

He has called together legislativebodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository oftheir public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliancewith his measures.

他把各州的立法委員召集到一個(gè)異乎尋常、極不舒適而又遠(yuǎn)離他們的檔案庫(kù)的地方去開(kāi)會(huì)，其目的無(wú)非是使他們疲憊不堪被迫就范。

He has dissolved representative housesrepeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasionon the rights of thepeople.

他一再解散各州的眾議院，因?yàn)楹笳邎?jiān)決反對(duì)他侵犯人民的權(quán)利。

He has refused for along time, after suchdissolution, to cause others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers,incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for theirexercise; the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers ofinvasion from without and convulsion within.

他在解散眾議院之后，又長(zhǎng)期拒絕另選他人，于是這項(xiàng)不可剝奪的立法權(quán)便歸由普通人民來(lái)行使，致使在這其間各州仍處于外敵入侵和內(nèi)部騷亂的種種危險(xiǎn)之中。

He has endeavored to prevent thepopulation of these states; for that purpose obstructing the laws ofnaturalizing of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage theirmigration hither, and raising the condition of new appropriations of lands.

他力圖阻止各州增加人口，為此目的，他阻撓外國(guó)人入籍法的通過(guò)，拒絕批準(zhǔn)其他鼓勵(lì)移民的法律，并提高新分配土地的條件。

He has obstructed the administration ofjustice, by refusing his assent of laws for establishing judiciary powers.

他拒絕批準(zhǔn)建立司法權(quán)力的法律，以阻撓司法的執(zhí)行。

He has made judges dependent on hiswill alone, for the tenure of their office, and the amount and payment of theirsalary.

他迫使法官為了保住任期、薪金的數(shù)額和支付而置于他個(gè)人意志的支配之下。

He has erected a multitude of newofficers, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat outour substances.

他濫設(shè)新官署，委派大批官員到這里騷擾我們的人民，吞噬我們的財(cái)物。

He has kept among us, in times ofpeace, standing armies without the consent of our legislatures.

他在和平時(shí)期，未經(jīng)我們立法機(jī)構(gòu)同意，就在我們中間維持其常備軍。

He has affected to render the militaryindependent of and superior to the civil power.

他施加影響使軍隊(duì)獨(dú)立于文官政權(quán)之外，并凌駕于文官政權(quán)之上。

He has combined with others to subjectus to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by ourlaws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation.

他同他人勾結(jié)，把我們置于一種既與我們的法規(guī)不相干，也未經(jīng)我們的法律承認(rèn)的管轄之下，而且還批準(zhǔn)他們的偽法案；

For quartering large bodies of armedtroops among us;

在我們中間駐扎大批的武裝部隊(duì)；

For protecting them, by a mock trial,from punishment for any murder which they should commit on the inhabitants ofthese States.

不論這些人對(duì)我們各州居民犯下何等嚴(yán)重的謀殺罪，他可用虛假的審判來(lái)庇護(hù)他們，讓他們逍遙法外；

For cutting off our trade with allparts of the world;

他切斷我們同世界各地的貿(mào)易；

For imposing taxes on us without ourconsent;

未經(jīng)我們同意便向我們強(qiáng)行征稅；

For depriving us inmany cases, of thebenefits of trial by jury;

在許多案件中，通過(guò)傷害來(lái)剝奪我們享有陪審的權(quán)益；

For transporting us beyond seas to betried for pretended offenses;

以莫須有的罪名把我們押送海外受審；

For abolishing the free systems ofEnglish laws in a neighboring Province, establishing therein an arbitrarygovernment, and enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at once an exampleand fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule these Colonies;

他在一個(gè)鄰省廢除了英國(guó)法律的自由制度，在那里建立專(zhuān)制政府，擴(kuò)大其疆域，使其立即成為一個(gè)樣板和合適的工具，以便向這里各殖民地推行同樣的專(zhuān)制統(tǒng)治；

For taking away our charters,abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of ourgovernments;

他取消了我們的憲章，廢除了我們最珍貴的法律，并從根本上改變了我們政府的形式；

For suspending our own legislatures,anddeclaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all caseswhatsoever.

他終止我們的立法機(jī)構(gòu)行使權(quán)力，宣稱他們自己擁有在任何情況下為我們制定法律的權(quán)力。

He has abdicated government here, bydeclaring us out of his protection and waging war against us.

他放棄設(shè)在這里的政府，宣稱我們已不屬他們保護(hù)之列，并向我們發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

He has plundered ourseas, ravaged ourcoasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.

他在我們的海域里掠奪，蹂躪我們的沿海地區(qū)，燒毀我們的城鎮(zhèn)，殘害我們?nèi)嗣竦纳�命�?/span>

He is at this time transporting largearmies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation andtyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcelyparallel in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of acivilized nation.

他此時(shí)正在運(yùn)送大批外國(guó)雇傭兵，來(lái)從事其制造死亡、荒涼和暴政的勾當(dāng)，其殘忍與卑劣從一開(kāi)始就連最野蠻的時(shí)代也難以相比，他已完全不配當(dāng)一個(gè)文明國(guó)家的元首。

He has constrained our fellow citizenstaken captive on the high seas to bear arms against their country, to becomethe executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by theirhands.

他強(qiáng)迫我們?cè)诠�海被他們俘虜�(shù)耐�胞拿起武器反�?duì)自己的國(guó)家，使他們成為殘殺他們自己的朋友和同胞的劊子手，或使他們死于他們自己的朋友和同胞的手下。

He has excited domestic insurrectionamongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers,the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is anundistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.

他在我們中間煽動(dòng)內(nèi)亂，并竭力挑唆殘酷無(wú)情的印地安蠻子來(lái)對(duì)付我們邊疆的居民；而眾所周知，印地安人的作戰(zhàn)準(zhǔn)則是不分辨男女老幼和是非曲直一律格殺勿論。

In every stage of these oppressions，we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms: ourrepeated petition have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince whosecharacter is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant is unfit to bethe ruler of a free people.

在遭受這些壓迫的每一階段，我們都曾以最謙卑的言辭吁請(qǐng)予以糾正。而我們一次又一次的情愿，卻只是被報(bào)以一次又一次的傷害。一個(gè)君主其品格被他的每一個(gè)只有暴君才干的出的行為所暴露時(shí)，就不配君臨自由的人民。

Nor have we been wanting in attentionto our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts bytheir legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We havereminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. Wehave appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjuredthem by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpation, which wouldinevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have beendeaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore,acquiesce in the necessity, which denouncesour separation, and hold them., aswe hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war,in peace friends.

我們并不是沒(méi)有想到我們英國(guó)的弟兄。他們的立法機(jī)關(guān)想把無(wú)理的管轄權(quán)擴(kuò)展到我們這里來(lái)，我們時(shí)常把這個(gè)企圖通知他們。我們?cè)�把我們移民�?lái)這里和在這里定居的情況告訴他們。我們?cè)鴳┣笏麄兲焐�的正義感和雅量，念在同種同宗的分上，棄絕這些掠奪行為，因?yàn)檫@些掠奪行為難免會(huì)使我們之間的關(guān)系和來(lái)往中斷�？伤麄儗�(duì)這種正義和同宗的呼聲也同樣充耳不聞。因此，我們不得不宣布脫離他們，以對(duì)待世界上其他民族的態(tài)度對(duì)待他們：同我交戰(zhàn)者就是敵人；同我和好者即為朋友。

We, therefore, the Representatives ofthe United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to thesupreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in thename, and by authority of the good people of these Colonies, solemnly publishand declare, That these United States Colonies and Independent States; thatthey are absolved by from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that allpolitical connection between them and the State,they have full power to levywar, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do allother acts and things which Independent States may of right do. And for thesupport of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutuallypledge to each other our lives,our fortunes, and our sacred honor.

因此我們這些在大陸會(huì)議上集會(huì)的美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)的代表們，以各殖民地善良人民的名義，并經(jīng)他們授權(quán)，向世界最高裁判者申訴，說(shuō)明我們的嚴(yán)重意向，同時(shí)鄭重宣布：我們這些聯(lián)合起來(lái)的殖民地現(xiàn)在是，而且也應(yīng)是獨(dú)立自由的國(guó)家；我們對(duì)英國(guó)王室效忠的全部義務(wù)，我們與大不列顛王國(guó)之間一切政治聯(lián)系全部斷絕。我們完全有權(quán)宣戰(zhàn)、締和、結(jié)盟、通商和采取獨(dú)立國(guó)家有權(quán)采取的一切行動(dòng)。我們堅(jiān)定地信賴神明上帝的保佑，同時(shí)以我們的生命、財(cái)產(chǎn)和神圣的名譽(yù)彼此宣誓來(lái)支持這一宣言。

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