YOYO說(shuō)旅行 | 馳騁大東歐第四集（中）

YOYO說(shuō)旅行 | 馳騁大東歐第四集（中）

名師專(zhuān)欄從“萌日”--十月十日開(kāi)啟至今，恰好一周了。七位老師輪流出場(chǎng)，給大家講故事、聊心情、分析機(jī)經(jīng)。

經(jīng)歷了一周七天，每天10分鐘的專(zhuān)欄閱讀，你是不是越來(lái)越發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)術(shù)和生活其實(shí)可以完美融合？你是否越來(lái)越感到，自己正在向托福雅思備考專(zhuān)家，西方文化達(dá)人慢慢靠近？

名師專(zhuān)欄由《YOYO說(shuō)旅行》開(kāi)始，今天又“輪”回了YOYO，在這個(gè)晴朗的周六，陪伴你一起放飛心情。

這一集，我們繼續(xù)游覽羅馬尼亞。

文中加粗部分是值得學(xué)習(xí)的詞匯和短語(yǔ)【YOYO說(shuō)詞】，下劃線(xiàn)部分為有借鑒意義的漂亮句型【YOYO說(shuō)句】，正文后都有詳解。

Romania

Romania's Maramures region may be modernising in places but take a walk in the countryside among forests, wooden churches and hay stooks and you'll feel like you've stepped back in time

II.
We reached the village of Breb and checked in at Pensiunea Marioara. Did we want a room in the old wooden house in the garden, or one in the new, more substantial, concrete house? We chose the concrete house because we could look at the wooden house from our balcony. There was traditional Maramures music playing, but on CD. It was incessantly jaunty. Our hostess, Marioara, soothed us with excellent homemade delicacies. Next day we set out walking. The wooden churches of the area were a big reason to come here, but the first we came to was of concrete. A conversation with an old basket maker was abruptly terminated by three Italian tourists who stepped between us, taking pictures.

We wandered on, a little disconcerted, towards the village of Hoteni. The plum trees were laden with fruit and the freshly cut meadows were speckled with stooks. At the church I watched a man remove his straw hat – the oddly conicalbe-ribboned traditional Maramures one – and cross himself as he passed. Nearby, the road was being rebuilt and there were traffic lights and growling lorries: we cut away across country, following any path we could find. An eagle soared. We ate our lunch in the shade of a walnut tree. My wife Sophie and daughter Maddy headed back to Breb while I made a detour, up a hill to where two men, both named Vasile, were loading hay on a horse-drawn cart. One of them spoke French. I had a go at forking hay, but the older Vasile soon took the tool back. “There's rain coming, we'll have to be quicker.” A few minutes later I found myself sitting on top of the wagon, lurching down secret back roads to his house where I was taught how to stook and rewarded with a tot of homemade spirits.

Where was the wooden church, I asked? Vasile showed me a path and along it I met another man, also called Vasile. My journey was interrupted with a trip to his house where I drank from his well. At the church I watched woodpeckers attacking the steeple, then wandered on, coming across an old man in a traditional smock, negotiating the price of a football-sized cheese with a man on horseback. I walked with him to his house and found his grandson helping to re-shingle the roof. “Where are you going?” he asked. It turned out he was on holiday from a job in London. “Is your name Vasile?” I asked. It was, and it was his grandfather's name too.

“Maramures has changed a lot,” he said, “People have gone abroad and made money and now are building new houses.” But this Vasile, only 28 years old, had a view on that. “It all happened very fast, but now we are realising that we have to value the old and traditional too. I'm rebuilding my grandfather's house, but I won't change a thing – it will be all traditional, exactly like a century ago.”

He showed me inside, the two rooms hung with embroidered hangings and the roof studded with cooking pots. Back outside the 89-year-old was helping his 86-year-old wife dig out a ditch. When I asked for a photograph, she screeched in alarm and disappeared, only to reappear with a fresh headscarf, “You can't photograph me in that old thing.”

“They stay young by working,” said the younger Vasile. “They don't retire or watch television.”

YOYO說(shuō)詞

Substantial 形容建筑物大而堅(jiān)固（看完這句話(huà)的時(shí)候 YOYO 只想說(shuō)，Keven，還不是為了讓你們有舒適的住宿條件才建造了那些違和感的樓么……而后面一句話(huà)又是多么堂而皇之地?cái)[出了一個(gè)一點(diǎn)也不堂皇的理由……）

incessantly 不間斷地
jaunty 精力充沛的

delicacies 美味佳肴
abruptly 唐突地（其實(shí) Kevin 沒(méi)必要提及這三位驢友的國(guó)籍… …但他還是這樣做了……他強(qiáng)烈的怨念啊……）

disconcerted 不知所措的
were laden with （碩果）累累
speckled with 不是第一次看到這個(gè)短語(yǔ)了，意思和 dotted with 幾乎一樣

conical 圓錐形的
be-ribboned 緞帶裝飾的

growling 隆隆駛過(guò)的
detour 迂回，繞道
had a go 嘗試一下

forking 叉運(yùn)，叉掘
wagon 四輪馬車(chē)
lurching 踉蹌而行

re-shingle 修葺房頂；重新給房頂鋪上木板
had a view on 某某有話(huà)說(shuō)；某某對(duì)……有自己的見(jiàn)解

embroidered hangings 刺繡的帷幔
studded with 布滿(mǎn)了；現(xiàn)在積累了幾個(gè)類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)了呢？speckled with, dotted with, studded with, and…?

screeched in alarm 驚叫一聲

YOYO說(shuō)句
1. The plum trees were laden with fruit and the freshly cut meadows were speckled with stooks. At the church I watched a man remove his straw hat - the oddly conical be-ribboned traditional Maramures one - and cross himself as he passed. Nearby, the road was being rebuilt and there were traffic lights and growling lorries: we cut away across country, following any path we could find. An eagle soared. We ate our lunch in the shade of a walnut tree.

讀這段話(huà)時(shí)需要關(guān)注兩個(gè)方面。其一，體會(huì)不同景致如何組成四幅畫(huà)面；其二，學(xué)習(xí)四幅畫(huà)面如何組成一段行程。

先來(lái)看畫(huà)面。四幅畫(huà)面各有千秋——
畫(huà)面一，果樹(shù)草地，由近及遠(yuǎn)，靜態(tài)風(fēng)景畫(huà)；

畫(huà)面二，戴草帽的當(dāng)?shù)厝�，由局部到整體，人物特寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)鏡頭；

畫(huà)面三，正在翻修中的公路，路燈和大貨車(chē)，喧鬧，聲與光；

畫(huà)面四，雄鷹飛過(guò)頭頂上方的天空，遼闊與不羈；天空下是一棵桃樹(shù)的樹(shù)蔭，樹(shù)蔭下是享用午餐的 Kevin 一家，一隅的溫馨，由遠(yuǎn)及近。

作者的寫(xiě)作功底可見(jiàn)一斑，但英文本身的語(yǔ)法特征也功不可沒(méi)——如果你回頭去看何處使用了過(guò)去分詞，而又有何處使用的是 -ing 形式，你就會(huì)明白YOYO在說(shuō)什么。Laden 使得畫(huà)面飽滿(mǎn)而靜謐，而 being built 和 growling 則讓我們看到了一個(gè)揚(yáng)塵四起的鏡頭。

回到雅思口試上來(lái)。還是那句話(huà)，你需要用你的眼睛先發(fā)現(xiàn)美，才有可能用你的語(yǔ)言讓考官也感受并認(rèn)同這種美；你發(fā)現(xiàn)的美越多，考官能感受并認(rèn)同的美也就越多。所以，咱們旅行越有心，說(shuō)的話(huà)就越走考官的心。

現(xiàn)在來(lái)看第二點(diǎn)，如何把所有的美有機(jī)整合，增強(qiáng)上下文的連貫性。首先我們要明白的一點(diǎn)是，除了外在的通過(guò)連接詞邏輯聯(lián)系(coherence)，語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)境也能實(shí)現(xiàn)連貫 (cohesion)。對(duì)于地點(diǎn)題來(lái)講，時(shí)間和路線(xiàn)都是實(shí)現(xiàn)連貫的手段。

大家可能覺(jué)得這一點(diǎn)不言自明。不過(guò)YOYO要告訴大家的是，在考場(chǎng)上，考生們總是更多地以“時(shí)間”帶“路線(xiàn)”，即以“第N天”為綱，說(shuō)一天羅列幾個(gè)景點(diǎn)，于是一場(chǎng)鮮活的旅程硬生生淪落為流水賬日記；很少有人以“路線(xiàn)”為綱，也就是地點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換為綱，主打景致和畫(huà)面本身。

在這里，YOYO建議大家，大框架還是可以以時(shí)間為綱，但在述及某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)所見(jiàn)所聞時(shí)，千萬(wàn)不要只是告訴考官“我去了A、B、C三個(gè)地方，可好玩兒啦”，而是最好能夠借鑒一下 Kevin 這段話(huà)的手法，以畫(huà)面/鏡頭描寫(xiě)為主。

2. At the church I watched woodpeckers attacking the steeple, then wandered on, coming across an old man in a traditional smock, negotiating the price of a football-sized cheese with a man on horseback. I walked with him to his house and found his grandson helping to re-shingle the roof.

延續(xù)上一題。請(qǐng)各位仔細(xì)體會(huì)這里不同色彩標(biāo)出的詞語(yǔ)。想體現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)效果，-ing不可或缺。

3.“Maramures has changed a lot,” he said,“People have gone abroad and made money and now are building new houses.” But this Vasile, only 28 years old, had a view on that. “It all happened very fast, but now we are realising that we have to value the old and traditional too. I'm rebuilding my grandfather’s house, but I won't change a thing - it will be all traditional, exactly like a century ago.”

“現(xiàn)代”和“革新”一定是好的么？“傳統(tǒng)”到底是不可雕的朽木還是該珍藏的陳酒？——這個(gè)話(huà)題，見(jiàn)仁見(jiàn)智。不過(guò)，不論你是否與28歲的 Vasile 所見(jiàn)略同，都不妨礙你參考借鑒他所說(shuō)的一些話(huà)。

一處是"Maramures has changed a lot,…People have gone abroad and made money and now are building new houses." 這告訴我們"Change"這個(gè)話(huà)題在回答時(shí)還可以跟人們的生活方式和觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變有關(guān)；

另一處是"now we are realising that we have to value the old and traditional too"，可以直接拿來(lái)，告訴考官，對(duì)于古老的文明，悠久的文化，以及傳統(tǒng)民俗中各種 material 或 intangible 的存在，你所持的態(tài)度是"value"，或是"respect"，甚至可以有"reverence"。

4.“They stay young by working,”
相當(dāng)于“勞作讓他們永葆青春”，或者 "Working is the key/secret for them to stay young/to their good health"。在這里，我們可以把 stay 換成 keep，或者把 young 變?yōu)?healthy，active，happy 等等，然后用各種你認(rèn)為靠譜的行為來(lái)替換 working。

下周請(qǐng)看，YOYO說(shuō)羅馬尼亞最后一集。 

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