托福口語task6話題范例：Adaptation

Listening Part:

Listen to part of a lecture in a Biology class.
(Professor)
Even though it's cold and snow-covered, the Arctic houses many species of animals that manage to survive the harsh conditions there. These Arctic animals have adapted to the extremely cold temperatures primarily because of certain body features that help them to survive in the cold Arctic climate. Let's look at a few of them.
For one thing, many Arctic animals have developed a protective covering on their feet. The covering usually consists of fur or feathers which act as a protective layer between the cold and the animals' skin. Since they spend so much of their time on snowy, icy surfaces, whether they are standing on the ground or swimming in the water, they can easily lose heat through their feet. This is especially true of Arctic birds. A bird like the Arctic Snowy Owl, for example, has feathers on its body the way other birds do. But unlike most birds, it also has feathers all over its feet.
This shields and protects the feet from the icy ground so that very little of the owl's foot actually touches snowy or icy surfaces, which helps its feet to stay warm.
Another physical characteristic that some Arctic animals share is having smaller bodies and smaller, shorter body parts. In other words, their bodies are often more compact than other animals'. And the parts of their bodies that stick out or protrude like the legs, ears or tails are smaller and shorter. And the result is that there is less body surface exposed to the cold air. A great example is the Arctic wolf. Unlike the larger grey wolves that live in warmer climates, Arctic wolves have relatively small, compact bodies that efficiently retain heat. They also have smaller ears and shorter legs so that they lose less body heat than animals with larger bodies or longer body parts. And in the climate where the temperature is below zero most of the year, that's very important.

Question:

Using the example of the owl and the wolf, explain how two special body features have helped Arctic animals adapt to the cold.

Listening keys:

總括：Two body features that help Arctic animals survive in the cold weather
觀點1 ： They have protectivecoverings on their feet, which helps them lose less heat.
例子1 ： Arctic snowy owl has feather all over its feet— little of feet touch icy ground — stay warm
觀點2 ： They have smaller bodies and shorter body parts
例子2 ： e.g. Arctic wolf has a small body and short legs—lose less heat

Sample Answer:

 There are two body features that have helped Arctic animals survive in the cold weather.
The first one is that they have protective coverings on their feet, which prevents them from losing heat. For example, the Arctic owl has feathers both on its body and all over its feet, so that very little of its feet actually touch the icy ground. In this way, it stays warm.
The second body features is that they have a more compact body and shorter body parts so that less body surface would be exposed to the cold weather. For example, the Arctic wolf has a rather small body to help it retain heat. Also, it has small ears and short legs so that it loses less heat. This helps them survive in places where the temperature is below zero degree most of the time.

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