托福閱讀考試題型總結(jié)之句子簡化題

托福閱讀之句子簡化題

By 趙博

托福閱讀的基礎(chǔ)是什么呢？首先當(dāng)然是詞匯，如果生詞較多，題干、選項(xiàng)、文章都看不懂，那又談和做題呢。那么是不是詞匯量打一定閱讀的分?jǐn)?shù)就高呢？答案是否定呢，因?yàn)樵~匯僅僅是萬里長征的第一步。在詞匯的基礎(chǔ)之上，句法是很重要的，因?yàn)樵谕懈ｉ喿x文章中，動(dòng)輒就是兩三行或者更長的長難句，如果這些句子讀的不是很好，那對(duì)于文章的理解就會(huì)出現(xiàn)偏差，在做題時(shí)，自然也就會(huì)出現(xiàn)問題。為了體現(xiàn)句子的重要性，每篇托�？荚嚨奈恼峦�往還會(huì)設(shè)置一道句子簡化題，考察我們對(duì)于句子的理解。

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雖說題目的名字是句子簡化題，但坑爹的是，很多時(shí)候ABCD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都很長，于是算上題干中的句子，我們需要讀五句巨長的句子，很多考生往往就會(huì)被繞暈掉，迷失在幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)中。但其實(shí)我們是可以通過做題方法來讓句子簡化題變得更簡單的。

我們知道，正確的選項(xiàng)一定能表達(dá)與題干中句子相同的意思。則正確選項(xiàng)的核心意思必定與題干句子相同，修飾成分也會(huì)能表達(dá)與題干相同的意思。那么我們?cè)谧鼍渥雍喕�題時(shí)，就可以采取三步走策略：一、看選項(xiàng)與題干間主句意思是否一致，如果只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)跟主句意思一致，那肯定會(huì)是正確選項(xiàng)；二、看從句意思是否一致；三看主句從句間關(guān)系是否屬于同一轉(zhuǎn)換。依靠這個(gè)三步走策略，依次排除，會(huì)較容易的得出正確選項(xiàng)。如下題：

Because the medium was so prolific, in the sense that it was possible to produce a multitude of images very cheaply, it was soon treated as the poor relation of fine art, rather than its destined successor.

A.  Photography did not replace other fine arts because people felt the image looked cheap in relation to the other arts.

B.  Photography was not considered a true art because people could use it to create many images cheaply.

C.  Photography was so cheap and readily available that it could be purchased by people who were too poor to purchase fine art.

D.  Photography not only spread quickly but also was a cheap art form and so became true successor of fine arts rather than its poor relation.

題干句子是因果結(jié)構(gòu)，主句在結(jié)果，所以我們看選項(xiàng)里那個(gè)句子的主句有“it was soon treated as the poor relation of fine art”這樣的意思。A選項(xiàng)的主句為“Photography did not replace other fine arts”，B選項(xiàng)的主句“Photography was not considered a true art”，C選項(xiàng)的主句為“it could be purchased by people who were too poor to purchase fine art”，D選項(xiàng)的主句為“Photography …became true successor of fine arts”, 經(jīng)過比較只有B選項(xiàng)的主句意思一致，所以正確答案為B

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做題時(shí)，大家要注意的是，我們理解句子的意思，要通過層次、主干與修飾來理解，借助于邏輯的幫助，但不完全依賴于邏輯，因?yàn)橥瑯拥囊馑际强赡芡ㄟ^不同的邏輯來表達(dá)的，如下題：

Certainly, rational appeals in advertising aimed at children are limited, as most advertisements use emotional and indirect appeals to psychological states or associations.

A Rational appeals in advertising are certainly limited by children’s emotional immaturity and the indirect nature of their associations.

B Indirect appeals to children’s psychological states or associations can limit the effectiveness of rational appeals in advertising.

C Rational appeals play a much smaller role in advertisements for children than emotional appeals and psychological associations do.

D Rational appeals in advertising aimed at children should certainly be limited until the children are emotionally and psychologically ready.

本題中，BD主句的意思首先是錯(cuò)誤的，A句錯(cuò)誤的原因?yàn)椋�并不�?ldquo;children’s emotional immaturity and the indirect nature of their associations”限制了rational appeals。但本題一些同學(xué)在做題時(shí)，會(huì)因C選項(xiàng)中的比較關(guān)系排除C，其實(shí)，C選項(xiàng)正是用了比較關(guān)系來表達(dá)題干中as引導(dǎo)的從句的意思。