干貨丨TPO45綜合寫(xiě)作精講

內(nèi)容提要【在線(xiàn)咨詢(xún)】

1、詳細(xì)分析閱讀、聽(tīng)力文本；

2、詳細(xì)講解理解會(huì)意后的改寫(xiě)方式；

3、分享如何組織寫(xiě)作思路。

閱讀文本及精講

閱讀文本【在線(xiàn)咨詢(xún)】

Did bees (a type of insect) exist on Earth as early as 200 million years ago? Such a theory is supported by the discovery of very old fossil structures that resemble bee nests. The structures have been found inside 200- million-year-old fossilized trees in the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States. However, many skeptics doubt that the structures were created by bees. The skeptics support their view with several arguments.

No Fossils of Actual Bees

First, no fossil remains of actual bees have ever been found that date to 200 million years ago. The earliest preserved body of a bee is 100 million years old—only half as old as the fossilized structures discovered in Arizona.

Absence of Flowering Plants

A second reason to doubt that bees existed 200 million years ago is the absence of flowering plants in that period. Today's bees feed almost exclusively on the flowers of flowering plants; in fact, bees and flowering plants have evolved a close, mutually dependent biological relationship. Flowering plants, however, first appeared on Earth 125 million years ago. Given the bees’ close association with flowering plants, it is unlikely bees could have existed before that time.

Structures Lack Some Details

Third, while the fossilized structures found in Arizona are somewhat similar to nest chambers made by modern bees, they lack some of the finer details of bees’ nests. For example, chambers of modern bee nests are closed by caps that have a spiral pattern, but the fossilized chambers lack such caps. That suggests the fossilized structures were made by other insects, such as wood-boring beetles.

閱讀精講【在線(xiàn)咨詢(xún)】

我把閱讀中一些同學(xué)們可能認(rèn)為比較難的單詞標(biāo)紅了，我們先解釋一下單詞部分，再整體討論一下文本內(nèi)容。

Fossil 化石

Fossilize 使（變成）化石

Resemble 相似

Skeptic 懷疑論者，無(wú)神論者（文中意為“懷疑論者”）

Absence 缺少、缺失、缺席

Exclusively 唯一、排他、專(zhuān)有的

Mutually 互相的、互助的

Dependent 依賴(lài)、從屬的（本文中出現(xiàn)的是mutually dependent，表示“互相依賴(lài)”）

Association 關(guān)聯(lián)、聯(lián)合

Chamber 室、腔、房間、會(huì)所（文中出現(xiàn)的是nest chamber，表示“蜂窩”）

Spiral 螺旋形的

Pattern 模式、圖形（本文中出現(xiàn)的是spiral pattern，表示“螺旋模式”）

Wood-boring beetles 鉆木甲蟲(chóng)

接下來(lái)大體分析一下閱讀文本的段落重點(diǎn)信息：【在線(xiàn)咨詢(xún)】

第一段：大體交代了背景，在美國(guó)西南部亞利桑那州一個(gè)2億年的化石樹(shù)里,有一個(gè)類(lèi)似蜂窩的化石結(jié)構(gòu)存在，由此展開(kāi)了關(guān)于2億年前是否有蜜蜂的討論。閱讀持反對(duì)觀(guān)點(diǎn)并給出了三點(diǎn)理由。

第二段：主要強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)化石沒(méi)有蜜蜂遺體而推斷蜜蜂在2億年前不存在，并提及了另外一個(gè)證據(jù)：最早的蜜蜂遺體化石目前現(xiàn)存的是1億年前。

第三段：主要強(qiáng)調(diào)在2億年的時(shí)期里沒(méi)有花卉植物存在，從而推斷蜜蜂也不存在。給出的具體理由是蜜蜂和花卉植物是互相依存的排他互利關(guān)系，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)在1.25億年前才開(kāi)始有花卉植物，所以蜜蜂不太可能在2億年前就有。

第四段：主要強(qiáng)調(diào)跟現(xiàn)在的蜂窩比，這個(gè)類(lèi)似蜂窩的化石在結(jié)構(gòu)上也是不一致的，具體說(shuō)明了現(xiàn)代蜂窩是螺旋式帶有蓋子的結(jié)構(gòu)，而這個(gè)化石更像是鉆木甲蟲(chóng)制造出來(lái)的結(jié)構(gòu)。

聽(tīng)力文本及精講

聽(tīng)力文本

目前市面上還沒(méi)有TPO40-48綜合寫(xiě)作的聽(tīng)力文本，新通教育的新TPO綜合聽(tīng)力文本算是行業(yè)首發(fā)。有了聽(tīng)力文本，大家可以更好地理解聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容，從而組織寫(xiě)作。以下就是新通教育專(zhuān)屬聽(tīng)力文本，歡迎大家精聽(tīng)使用。

It's perfectly possible that the nests founded inside the fossilized trees were made by bees 200 million years ago. The arguments used by the skeptics are not convincing.

First, it's true we have no fossil remains of actual bees that date to 200 million years ago, but maybe the reason for that is that bees cannot be preserved as fossil at that time. Fossil bees have typically been preserved in fossilized tree resin, a sticky liquid produced by trees. However, trees with this type of resin were very rare 200 million years ago. Such trees became common much later, so the fact we have no bee remains that are 200 million years old doesn't mean that bees did not exist that time. Maybe bees existed, but since there were almost no trees producing the right kind of resin, the bees could not be preserved.

Second, well it is true that bees have a close mutual relationship with flowering plants today; it's quite possible that bees existed before flowering plants appeared on earth. Those very early bees may have been feeding on non-flowering plants that preceded flowering plants during evolutionary history. The early bees could feed on non-flowering plants such as ferns or pine trees, later when flowering plants evolved，bees may have been adapted to feed on them and this new relationship between bees and flowering plants may even remain stable ever since.

Third, even though the fossilized chambers lack spiral caps, there's chemical evidence that supports the theory that bees build the chambers. Modern bees protect their nest chambers against water by using a special water proofing substance that has a distinct chemical composition. When the fossil chambers were chemically analyzed, it turned out that they contained the same kind of water proofing material that used by modern bees.

Preserved 保存

Tree resin 樹(shù)脂

Preceded 在……之前，領(lǐng)先

Ferns 蕨類(lèi)植物

Pine trees 松樹(shù)

Water proofing substance 防水物質(zhì)

Chemical composition 化學(xué)合成物

學(xué)完單詞，我們來(lái)分析一下，針對(duì)閱讀中提出的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，聽(tīng)力講座在反駁時(shí)是如何組織重點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)信息的：【在線(xiàn)咨詢(xún)】

第一段：提出了反駁的整體觀(guān)點(diǎn)，聽(tīng)力中的觀(guān)點(diǎn)認(rèn)為這個(gè)化石完全有可能是2億年前的蜂蜜制造的，并認(rèn)為閱讀的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)說(shuō)服性不高。

第二段：聽(tīng)力中認(rèn)為沒(méi)有2億年前的蜜蜂化石，但這并不等于2億年前沒(méi)有蜜蜂存在。給出的解釋是保存化石需要特別的樹(shù)脂，2億年前沒(méi)有樹(shù)脂讓蜜蜂存留為化石，不一定是因?yàn)闆](méi)有蜜蜂，也可能是沒(méi)有可以化石化的樹(shù)脂。

第三段：聽(tīng)力中認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的蜜蜂和花卉植物確實(shí)有互相唯一的依存關(guān)系，但這也不能表明2億年前沒(méi)有蜜蜂�？赡茉诨ɑ苤参锍霈F(xiàn)之前，早期蜜蜂并不依賴(lài)花卉植物存活，而是依靠如蕨類(lèi)或者松樹(shù)這樣的非花卉植物存活。只是在花卉植物出現(xiàn)后，蜜蜂依賴(lài)花卉的存活關(guān)系才形成并穩(wěn)定了下來(lái)。

第四段：聽(tīng)力中雖然承認(rèn)結(jié)構(gòu)上沒(méi)有螺旋蓋，但通過(guò)化學(xué)鑒定發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂特有的防水分泌物存在化石中，從而反駁了閱讀中不是蜜蜂蜂窩的說(shuō)法。

寫(xiě)作解說(shuō)

由于篇幅原因，這里匯總幾點(diǎn)會(huì)意、寫(xiě)作組織上的重點(diǎn)信息給到大家，具體的寫(xiě)作方法和技巧，同學(xué)們可以登錄官網(wǎng)（）報(bào)名我們的免費(fèi)托雅預(yù)測(cè)課或者聆聽(tīng)公開(kāi)課哦！

A: Look up every single confusing word

對(duì)于困惑的單詞一定要查詢(xún)并學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)和使用方法

B: Full comprehension over the contents of reading and listening

對(duì)于聽(tīng)力和閱讀的內(nèi)容要有完整全面的會(huì)意

C: Locate the key words and use the exactly same words in your writing

定位重點(diǎn)信息詞并在寫(xiě)作里原詞重現(xiàn)（注意僅限于原詞重現(xiàn)）

D: Change the word order when you’re repeating the same key words

改寫(xiě)語(yǔ)序是一個(gè)最基本的方法

E: Always connect the reading and listening information in each paragraph

總是記住在每一段內(nèi)去鏈接閱讀和聽(tīng)力的觀(guān)點(diǎn)（駁斥的關(guān)系細(xì)節(jié)是什么信息點(diǎn)）

F: A relatively same organization as the reading and listening passage is

一般綜合作文的格式可以參考對(duì)應(yīng)的閱讀和聽(tīng)力的文章結(jié)構(gòu)（一般幾個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)就分幾段）

了解更多外語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)信息：

點(diǎn)擊 >>>新通名師在線(xiàn)咨詢(xún) 或 添加微信鄭小新（XTJY7002）咨詢(xún)更多內(nèi)容。

相關(guān)閱讀推薦>>