托福TPO45閱讀真題解析：Passage 1

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首寫字母，就是托福在線練習的意思，TPO可以為考生提供全真的模擬考試環(huán)境和過往真題，而TPO題庫也是有著不斷的更新。在托福閱讀的備考過程中，除了大量的閱讀之外，全面了解托福閱讀的題型和解題方法也都是非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。而對于很多備考托福的學生來說，TPO往往就是一個首先的備考材料。今天，小編就為大家?guī)�來托福TPO45閱讀真題解析：Passage 1。

托福TPO45閱讀Passage 1 真題解析 【在線咨詢】

Feeding Strategies in the Ocean

1.The word "severe" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A extreme
B complex
C basic
D immediate
答案：A

解析：severe意為“嚴峻的”。A選項的extreme意為“極端的”，符合語境，故為正確答案。
complex 復雜的。 basic基本的。 immediate立即的。

2. What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about why energy conservation is not a high priority for ocean animals in coastal waters during the spring? 【推斷題】
A Those animals are least active during the spring
B Those animals have a plentiful supply of food
C Those animals have to expend energy to avoid predators.
D Those animals store energy during the colder seasons.
答案：B

解析：根據(jù)原文In the open sea, animals can often find food reliably available in particular regions or seasons (e g., in coastal areas in springtime). In these circumstances…由此可以推斷， 在春季，沿海區(qū)域的動物有充足的食物供應，故B選項正確。

3. What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about fish? 【推斷題】
A Most fish feed on plankton.
B Fish tend to avoid well-illuminated areas.
C Most fish species are not filter-feeders.
D Few fish species are successful in the near-surface layers.
答案：C

解析：根據(jù)原文Even fishes can become successful filter-feeders in some circumstances. 可推斷，多數(shù)的fish并不是filter-feeders. 故C選項正確。

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4. According to paragraph 2, how do sardines and anchovies obtain food near the surface of the ocean? 【事實信息題】
A They rely on the large quantities of food resources also available to local carnivores.
B They capture the larvae of some crustaceans.
C They feed on the organisms left over by commercial fisheries.
D They obtain algae by using their gills as filters.
答案：D

解析：根據(jù)原文Although the vast majority of …These small fishes use their gill filaments to strain out the algae that dominate such areas. 可知，sardines和anchovies是通過它們的腮獲取食物的。

5.略
6.略

7. The word "scarcity" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A  speed
B variety
C lack
D size
答案：C

解析：scarcity意為“不足，缺乏”。 C選項的lack意為“缺乏”， 故C為正確選項。
speed 速度。 variety 多樣性。 size尺寸。

8. According to paragraph 4,deep-water filter-feeders have adopted all of the following ways to obtain food EXCEPT 【否定事實信息題】
A developing larger filtering systems
B capturing prey using sticky tentacles
C swimming up to the surface at feeding time
D searching in ocean layers that contain a substantial amount of particles
答案：C

解析：A選項對應原文…there have larger filtering systems.
B選項對應原文Alternative methods of…. and sticky tentacles.
D選項對應原文Another solution for… forage in particular layers of water where the particles may be more concentrated.
C選項原文沒有提到。

9. Why does the author include the information that animals in the deep ocean place an emphasis on lures" and have evolved "elongated appendages”? 【修辭目的題】
A To argue against the view that animals in the deep ocean use more energy to find food than do animals in shallow waters
B To emphasize the importance of an am mars ability to control a large volume of water
C To identify some feeding strategies that animals have developed to minimize their energy expenditure
D To give examples of body structures that help those animals move quickly in deep ocean waters
答案：C

解析：根據(jù)原文In the deeper waters of the oceans, there is a much greater tendency for animals to await the arrival of food particles or prey rather than to search them out actively (thus minimizing energy expenditure).可知， 深海動物這么做的目的就是minimizing energy expenditure. 括號中的信息在解題時也需要引起注意。

10. The phrase "coping with" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A Absorbing
B finding
C approaching
D managing
答案：D

解析：cope with意為“處理，解決。”D選項的manage意為“處理，管理”，故為正確選項。
absorb 吸收。find發(fā)現(xiàn)。approach 接近。

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11. The word "flexible" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A huge
B adaptable
C powerful
D precise
答案：B

解析：flexible意為“靈活的”。B選項的意思是“能適應的”，故為正確選項。
huge 巨大的。 powerful強有力的。precise精確的。

12. According to paragraph 5, why do some fish swallow their prey whole? 【事實信息題】
A Their teeth are too large to allow for cutting prey.
B They have no jaw muscles to allow chewing.
C Swallowing prey whole results in a higher net energy gain.
D Chewing can cause their jaws to dislocate.
答案：A

解析：根據(jù)原文Very large or long teeth provide almost no room for cutting the prey into a convenient size for swallowing, the fish must gulp the prey down whole.可知，fish吞下整個prey的原因是它們的牙齒太大了。故A選項正確。

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. 【句子插入題】
Such a passive approach requires those animals to develop specialized methods of acquiring food.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
答案：B

解析：插入的句中有代詞such， 所以插入點之前一定談到了a passive approach, 所以一定不會插入A處。插入點A處后面的句子講到了深海動物獲取食物的方法，插入點B處后面的句子談到了這種方法的結果。插入點C處談到了Another consequence….由此可知插入B處最為合適。

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage This question is worth 2 points. 【概要小結題】
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it.
To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT
Ocean animals have developed various strategies for maximizing energy input from food.
Answer Choices
Large carnivores near the ocean surface feed mainly on organic matter left over after it passes through the filters of the filter-feeders.
Even in deep ocean layers where prey is relatively hard to find, filter feeding is still the least energetically-demanding method of obtaining food.
Animals in deeper water have evolved strategies and body structures that allow them to use as little energy as possible in obtaining food.
Near the surface of the water, many animals obtain food by using specialized body parts to filter plankton from the water.
Filter-feeding is more common in shallow water, where there is a higher concentration of organic matter than there is in deeper water.
At deeper ocean levels plankton is relatively rare, requiring animals at those levels to actively search for their food sources.
答案：CDE

解析：A選項的organic matter應為plankton.
B選項的the least energetically-demanding與第4段的There are, therefore, …and some of those that are there have larger filtering systems to cope with the scarcity of particles.表述矛盾。
C選項對應原文的Alternative methods of active or passive… and sticky tentacles.
D選項對應原文的In the near-surface layers…through a specialized anatomical structure.
E選項對應原文的Another solution for such animals is .. where the particals may be more concentrated.
F選項的說法在原文沒有提到。

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