托福TPO44閱讀真題解析：Passage 1

TPO，即toefl Practice Online的首寫字母，就是托福在線練習(xí)的意思，TPO可以為考生提供全真的模擬考試環(huán)境和過往真題，而TPO題庫也是有著不斷的更新。在托福閱讀的備考過程中，除了大量的閱讀之外，全面了解托福閱讀的題型和解題方法也都是非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。而對于很多備考托福的學(xué)生來說，TPO往往就是一個(gè)首先的備考材料。今天，小編就為大家?guī)�來托福TPO44閱讀真題解析：Passage 1。

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Seagrasses

1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true about seagrasses in calm ocean waters?【事實(shí)信息題】
A. They will not survive for very long without the nutrients brought In by fast-moving waters.
B. They tend to form beds covering large areas along the ocean floor.
C. They usually are arranged in separate mounds.
D. They grow more slowly than do seagrasses in fast-moving waters.
答案： B

解析：選項(xiàng)A沒有快速流動的水流帶來的營養(yǎng)，海草將不會存活很久。原文中并沒有提及此信息;選項(xiàng)B它們會形成海草床覆蓋海底的大部分區(qū)域，與原文信息一致;選項(xiàng)C中的separate mounds只是原文的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)信息;選項(xiàng)D中海草長得慢比起在流速快的水流中，原文并沒有對此細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行對比。

2. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is MOST likely to describe a bed in which seagrasses reach the surface of the water?【事實(shí)信息題】
A. The water is almost completely still.
B. The bed often has major damage from strong waves or currents.
C. The bed is generally no more than one square meter in size.
D. Grasses form a mosaic of individual mounds.
答案： A

解析：原文The seagrass beds, in turn, dampen wave action, particularly if the blades reach the water surface. This damping effect can be significant to the point where just one meter into a seagrass bed the wave motion can be reduced to zero. 選項(xiàng)A水基本是靜止不動的，與原文信息減少到零一致。

3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 【句子簡化題】
A. Light particles and debris collect in some seagrass beds, but are washed out of those affected by strong currents.
B. Seagrass beds under the influence of strong currents tend to accumulate many of the lighter particles from other beds
C. The strength of the currents determines how quickly accumulated seagrass debris is moved out of the beds.
D. Seagrass debris and other light particles are often moved from areas of strong currents to areas of weak currents.
答案： A

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4. The word "derive" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A. maintain
B. expel
C. obtain
D. enrich
答案： C

解析：derive獲得，選項(xiàng)A保持;選項(xiàng)B排除;選項(xiàng)C擁有;選項(xiàng)D豐富。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5. According to paragraph 3, which of the following does NOT accurately describe the sediments that collect in seagrass beds? 【否定事實(shí)信息題】
A. Fine-grained
B. Only a few millimeters deep
C. Low in oxygen
D. Rich in organic matter
答案： B

解析：原文Since most seagrass systems are depositional environments, they eventually accumulate organic material that leads to the creation of fine-grained sediments with a much higher organic content than that of the surrounding unvegetated areas. This accumulation, in turn, reduces the water movement and the oxygen supply. 選項(xiàng)A細(xì)粒的;選項(xiàng)C低氧的;選項(xiàng)D豐富的有機(jī)物，與原文的細(xì)節(jié)信息一致。選項(xiàng)B 僅有幾毫米深與原文信息不符。

6. The word "confined" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A. related
B. limited
C. relevant
D. helpful
答案： B

解析：confined被限制的，選項(xiàng)A有關(guān)系的;選項(xiàng)B受限制的;選項(xiàng)C相關(guān)的;選項(xiàng)D有幫助的。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

7. According to paragraph 3，how do seagrasses affect the nutrient supply in the ecosystem? 【事實(shí)信息題】
A. Because of their high rate of metabolism, they consume a large percentage of the available nutrients.
B. They attract various species of algae and bacteria that produce high nutrient concentrations in the water column.
C. They take up carbon and other nutrients trapped on the sea bottom and bring them back into use.
D. Through anaerobic processes at their roots, they produce a very nutrient-rich sediment.
答案： C

解析： 原文anaerobic processes of the microorganisms in the sediment are an important mechanism for regenerating and recycling nutrients and carbon, ensuring the high rates of productivity—that is, the amount of organic material produced-that are measured in those beds. 選項(xiàng)C中的bring them back to use與原文中的regenerating and recycling意思相符。

8. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the reason seagrasses do not grow in very deep water is that 【推理題】
A. they cannot handle intense water pressure
B. deep water is too cold
C. they would not get enough light
D. deep water is too salty
答案： C

解析： 原文For example, water depth and turbidity (density of particles in the water) together or separately control the amount of light available to the plants and the depth to which the seagrasses may extend. 水深和濁度一起或分別控制對植物可用的光的強(qiáng)度，并且這些海草的深度可能會延長。顯然選項(xiàng)C中海草將不會得到足夠的光，與原文信息一致。

9. The word “detrimental'’ in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A. harmful
B. significant
C. unexpected
D. distinct
答案： A

解析： detrimental不利的，選項(xiàng)A有害的;選項(xiàng)B顯著的;選項(xiàng)C意外的;選項(xiàng)D明顯的。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

10. The word “detrimental'’ in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A. harmful
B. significant
C. unexpected
D. distinct
答案： A

解析： detrimental不利的，選項(xiàng)A有害的;選項(xiàng)B顯著的;選項(xiàng)C意外的;選項(xiàng)D明顯的。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

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11. Paragraph 4 suggests that which of the following would be the LEAST likely to cause major damage to eelgrass and other common seagrasses?【推理題】
A. Factors related to extreme temperatures
B. Exposure to air
C. Major changes in salinity
D. The movement of ice on the seafloor
答案： C

解析： 原文中Still, extreme temperatures, in combination with other factors, may have dramatic detrimental effects. 極限溫度結(jié)合其它的因素，會有顯著的破壞作用，所以選項(xiàng)A不屬于最少破壞的因素;原文Seagrass beds also decline if they are subjected to too much exposure to the air. 海草床也會減少如果它們太多的部分暴露在空氣中，所以選項(xiàng)B也不屬于最少的破壞因素;原文Most seagrass beds seem tolerant of considerable changes in salinity (salt levels) and can be found in brackish (somewhat salty) waters as well as in full- strength seawater. 大部分的海草似乎能承受相當(dāng)大的鹽分的變化，所以選項(xiàng)C中鹽分的主要變化是最少的破壞因素。選項(xiàng)D中海床上的冰的移動屬于極限溫度的一個(gè)表現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)不屬于最少的破壞影響。

12. The phrase “tolerant of’ in the passage is closest in meaning to【詞匯題】
A. unused to
B. strongly affected by
C. protected from
D. able to withstand
答案： D

解析： tolerant of容忍，選項(xiàng)A不習(xí)慣于;選項(xiàng)B強(qiáng)烈地受…影響;選項(xiàng)C使免受;選項(xiàng)D能夠承受。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Seagrasses grow together in dense patches, or beds, with as many as 4,000 blades per square meter.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage 【句子插入題】
答案： B

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. 【概要小結(jié)題】
Seagrasses are aquatic flowering plants that grow in either sheltered or open areas of the sea
A. Seagrass beds are influenced by several physical factors, the most significant being the stability of the sea bottom, which must anchor them against the currents.
B. Because they slow currents and waves, seagrass beds collect deposits of rich organic sediments, which are home to many anaerobic microorganisms.
C. Unlike sea organisms that depend on the water column for their productivity, seagrasses ensure high rates of productivity by taking nutrients from ocean floor sediment.
D. Sediments in seagrass beds vary by region, with temperate beds accumulating sediments from within, and tropical beds collecting sediments from without.
E. Seagrasses under weak currents tend to have higher rates of metabolism than those under strong currents, perhaps because of differences in oxygen levels.
F. Although seagrasses survive in temperatures ranging from 2 to 28 degrees Celsius, more extreme temperatures can damage them, as can desiccation and lack of light.
答案： BCF

解析： 選項(xiàng)A與第1段中的信息不符，原文Seagrass beds are strongly influenced by several physical factors. The most significant is water motion: currents and waves. 選項(xiàng)B海草減緩波流，海草床收集豐富的有機(jī)物沉淀，這些是厭氧生物的家園。是對第3段前半段的概括總結(jié);選項(xiàng)C中的seagrasses 確保高生產(chǎn)力通過來自海底沉淀物吸收營養(yǎng)，是對第2段的概括總結(jié);選項(xiàng)D中的temperate beds accumulating sediments from within, and tropical beds collecting sediments from without與原文信息相反;選項(xiàng)E中Seagrasses under weak currents tend to have higher rates of metabolism than those under strong currents與原文信息相反;選項(xiàng)F是對第4段的歸納總結(jié)，與原文信息相符。

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