托福聽力lecture直線型分析

上次我們大概介紹了lecture的直線型結(jié)構(gòu)，一般是指按照時(shí)間推移、地點(diǎn)變化或者人物的出場(chǎng)為順序講述某一個(gè)主題。我們?cè)诼牭臅r(shí)候一般表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和人物的詞匯是比較好識(shí)別的，所以這類的結(jié)構(gòu)層次是比較好分的一種。

今天我們以一篇TPO4-L4為例，給大家講解一下。

這篇lecture一開始老師就說(shuō)到：OK, last time we were talking about government support for the arts. Who can sum up some of the main points? Frank?所以主題我們就知道了，主要講的是政府對(duì)于藝術(shù)的支持。后面一句話有表示時(shí)間的詞：Well, I guess there wasn’t really any, you know, official government support for the arts until the twentieth century. But the first attempt the United States government made to, you know, to support the arts was the Federal Art Project. （…）Um…it was started during the Depression, um…in the 1930s to employ out of-work artists. 這是第一個(gè)時(shí)間1930s的一個(gè)Federal Art Project。并且后面又說(shuō)到：Yeah, sure, it was successful. I mean, for one thing, the project established a lot of…uh like community art centers and galleries in places like rural areas where people hadn’t really had access to the arts.

后面又出現(xiàn)的表示時(shí)間的詞we don't actually see any govern…well any real government involvement in the arts again until the early 1960s, when President Kennedy and other politicians started to push for major funding to support and promote the arts.這句話中直接提出政府支持藝術(shù)的方式是提供資金。And for just those reasons, in 1965, the National Endowment for the Arts was created. So it was through the NEA, the National Endowment for the Arts, um…that the arts would develop, would be promoted throughout the nation. 這句話中也直接提出65年建立了National Endowment for the Arts并且它起到的作用是在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)發(fā)展藝術(shù)。And by the mid 1970s, by 1974 I think, all fifty states had their own arts agencies, their own state arts councils that work with the federal government with corporations, artists, performers, you name it.指出在74年所有的州都有了自己獨(dú)立的arts agencies

后面的文章中雖然沒有提到時(shí)間，但是分層的方式也很明顯，后面直接講到corporations。 corporations aren’t always altruistic. They might not support the arts unless…well, unless the government made it attractive for them to do so, by offering corporations tax incentives to support the arts, that is, by letting corporations pay less in taxes if they were patrons of the arts.講到公司對(duì)于藝術(shù)的支持，是在政府的刺激之下進(jìn)行的，并且舉出例子Kennedy Centre in Washington D.C和Lincoln Centre in New York。

之后又以提問(wèn)的方式分出下一層次But aren’t there a lot of people who don’t think it’s the government’s role to support the arts? 表示還有人不認(rèn)為政府該支持藝術(shù)，并從politician和artists兩類人群分別講述。a lot of politicians who did not believe in government support for the arts, they wanted to do away with the agency entirely, for that very reason, to get rid of governmental support. But they only succeeded in taking away about half the annual budget.和藝術(shù)家with artists in particular, you have lots of artists who support and who have benefited from this agency, although it seems that just as many artists oppose the government agency being involved in the arts, for many different reasons, reasons like they don’t want the government to control what they create.

所以整篇文章的層次應(yīng)該是如下：

·1930s   federal art project

·WWⅡ   not necessary

·1960s   president Kennedy major funding

·1965     NEA created、promote through out nation

·1970s (1974) all 50 states have own agency

·Corporation   support art(government made it so)

·Don’ think it’s the government’s role to support

politician– half the budget

artist – don’t want the government to control