托福閱讀中的推理 你真的會(huì)做嗎？

眾所周知，托福閱讀中，推理題也是比較有分量的。它的模式一般有幾種，比如出現(xiàn)infer, imply等，下面有幾點(diǎn)是大家需要注意的。
　　1  并不是所有的推理題都需要推理，有一類(lèi)推理題是不需要推理的，直接把文中對(duì)應(yīng)的句子paraphrase一下就是正確答案！比如TPO34  The Development of Steam Power大家一起來(lái)看一下。
　　1】By the eighteenth century, Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy. Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had long ago been replaced by fields of grain and hay. Wood was in ever-shorter supply, yet it remained tremendously important. It served as the primary source of heat for all homes and industries and as a basic raw material. Processed wood (charcoal) was the fuel that was mixed with iron ore in the blast furnace to produce pig iron (raw iron). The iron industry’s appetite for wood was enormous, and by 1740 the British iron industry was stagnating. Vast forests enabled Russia to become the world’s leading producer of iron, much of which was exported to Britain. But Russia’s potential for growth was limited too, and in a few decades Russia would reach the barrier of inadequate energy that was already holding England back1.What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about Britain's short supply of wood in the eighteenth century?
　　A.Wood from Britain’s great forests was being exported to other countries for profit.
　　B.A growing population had required cutting down forests to increase available land for farming.
　　C.Larger families required the construction of larger homes made from wood.
　　D.What was left of the great forests after the medieval period was being strictly protected.
　　這道題的答案是B.通過(guò)第二句話(huà)Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had long ago been replaced by fields of grain and hay.由于人口增長(zhǎng)，中世紀(jì)的英國(guó)大部分的森林早就被糧食和干草取代。就可以得到答案。這個(gè)過(guò)程沒(méi)有推理，選項(xiàng)B只不過(guò)是對(duì)原文的同義改寫(xiě)。
　　大家注意，做推理題真正的困境不在于讀不懂句子，而在于很多考生根本就不知道應(yīng)該用原文的哪一句話(huà)來(lái)推理。需要大家對(duì)于不同的題型要多加練習(xí)。推理題的困境是它跟其他的題型不同，它著重考查大家能否準(zhǔn)確的找到用于推理的那句話(huà)。這顯然要基于對(duì)段落的充分理解和對(duì)原文的把握。推理除了通過(guò)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)以及專(zhuān)有名詞進(jìn)行反義推理外，還有就是正向推理。
　　Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989. Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert. This whale lived around 40 million years ago, 12 million years after Pakicetus. Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included, for the first time in an archaeocyte, a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes. Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land. Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.
　　2. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
　　A.It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like
　　B.There were great numbers of them.
　　C.They lived in the sea only.
　　D.They did not leave many fossil remains
　　文章里沒(méi)有任何關(guān)于繁殖和撫養(yǎng)后代，但是文章最后一句說(shuō)到了龍王鯨一直生活在海洋里，所以大家就能夠通過(guò)整體與部分來(lái)選出答案。所以答案是D