托福TPO38閱讀真題解析：Passage 2

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The Raccoons's Success

paragraph 2
1. According to paragraph 2, what happened to raccoons in the 1930s?
A. They had a series of unusually good breading seasons.
B. They expanded into the Rocky Mountain West.
C. Their population levels fell.
D. They were harvest in significant numbers for the first time.
答案：C選項正確

解析：本題根據(jù)題干給的關(guān)鍵詞raccoon和1930s定位到原文中這里Following a decline to a relatively low population level in the 1930s，這半句的大致意思是在1930年左右數(shù)量降低到一個相對較低的水平之后。所以我們可以知道在20世紀(jì)30年代的時候，raccoon的數(shù)量是下降的。選項C正確。其余三個選項都沒有提及。

2. Which of the sentences below best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choice change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Raccoons are growing more numerous even though they must continue to find new habitats.
B. Raccoons are now undoubtedly present in areas where they once rare or absent.
C. Raccoons have found parties, deserts, coastal marshes, and mountains to be excellent habitats to expand into.
D. The number of raccoons must be even greater today because raccoons have continued to expand into new habitats.
答案：D選項正確

解析：本題先定位到高亮的句子：By now, their numbers have undoubtedly grown even more, as they have continued to expand into new habitats where they were once either rare or absent, such as sandy prairies, deserts, coastal marshes, and mountains. 本句大意是：現(xiàn)在raccoon的數(shù)量毫無疑問地增長了，它們繼續(xù)擴張到以前很少或者根本沒有去過的地區(qū)，比如說沙漠大草原、沙漠等等地方。選項D是這個句子的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。選項A說raccoon必須去找新的棲息地，不對，后文我們可以得知是人為地放養(yǎng)，不是它們自己必須擴張;選項B說的太絕對，raccoon正在擴張而不是已經(jīng)擴張完了，而且也不是擴張到了所有它們沒出現(xiàn)過的地方;選項C錯誤的地方與選項A一樣，raccoon不是自己去擴張的，是被人放生過去的。選擇D。

3. The word "consistently" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. typically
B. predictably
C. increasingly
D. Reliably
答案：D選項正確

解析：本題根據(jù)所考察的單詞定位到原文中這一句：Despite significant numbers being harvested and having suffered occasional declines, typically because of disease, the raccoon has consistently maintained high population levels. 本句話的大意是：盡管很多raccoons被捕獲，遭受到偶然性的數(shù)量降低(一般是因為疾病)，它們的數(shù)量還是居高不下。consistently的意思是持續(xù)的，不斷的，不變的。選項A是典型的，選項B是可以預(yù)測的，選項C是增加的，選項D是可信賴的。比較一下選項D最貼合consistently的意思，選擇D。

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paragraph 3
4. According to paragraph 3, which is true about raccoons in Utah's Great Salt Lake Valley?
A. They were not easily transplanted there from Indiana.
B. They were not found there prior to 40 years ago.
C. They were often restocked because of illegal hunting.
D. They expanded into that area from nearby suburban and urban settings.
答案：B選項正確

解析：本題根據(jù)題干給出的關(guān)鍵詞raccoon，Utah’s Great Salt和Lake Valley定位到原文中這兩句：Within the United States, they are commonly taken from one area to another和 Their appearance and subsequent flourishing in Utah's Great Salt Lake valley within the last 40 years appears to be from such an introduction. 通過這兩句我們可以知道，raccoon在美國被人為地帶到很多地方，在引進后它們40年間在猶他鹽湖山谷里大量繁殖。所以40年以前還沒有把raccoon引進猶他鹽湖，選項B正確。其他三個選項不合原文的意思。

5. According to paragraph 3, the introduction of raccoons into Utah's Great Salt Lake Valley appears to have been an example of an introduction that was
A. motivated by a desire to have raccoons among the local wildlife.
B. illegal
C. carried out by hunters who wanted more raccoons to hunt.
D. Unsuccessful
答案：A選項正確

解析：本題根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞Utah's Great Salt Lake valley 定位到原文中這一句：Within the United States, they are commonly taken from one area to another, both legally and illegally, to restock hunting areas and, presumably, because people simply want them to be part of their local fauna. 這一句的最后半句是出題點，說明人們就是單純地想要raccoon來到他們居住的地方。選項A正確。其余三個選項都沒有被提到。

6. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as helping to explain the raccoon's dramatic increase in abundance and distribution EXCEPT
A. Raccoons thrive in suburban areas.
B. Hunting raccoons has become illegal in most areas.
C. People enjoy having raccoons as part of their environment.
D. A transplanted raccoon will generally be able to succeed in its new environment.
答案：B選項正確

解析：本題用題干中的dramatic increase和abundance and distribution定位，找到第三段。選項A的依據(jù)是as they often thrive in suburban，說明raccoon在郊區(qū)很容易繁殖;選項C的依據(jù)是because people simply want them to be part of their local fauna，說明人們愿意讓raccoon成為自己身邊環(huán)境里的動物;選項D的依據(jù)是As an example of the ease with which transplanted individuals can succeed，說明raccoon的遷移后成功率非常高。只有選項B在原文中并沒有提及。選擇B。

7. The word "presumably" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. it has been established.
B. it has been incorrectly stated.
C. it can be assumed.
D. it can be demonstrated.
答案：C選項正確

解析：本題根據(jù)所考察的單詞定位到原文中這一句：Within the United States, they are commonly taken from one area to another, both legally and illegally, to restock hunting areas and, presumably, because people simply want them to be part of their local fauna. 本句的大意是：在美國，raccoon通常被從一個地方引入另一個地方，合法的引入也有非法的也有，目的是補充生物進入捕獵區(qū)，并且可以推測的是，人們也想要raccoon進入他們生活的地區(qū)。presumably在這里的意思是推測的，可以假設(shè)的。選項A是被建立的，選項B是被錯誤陳述的，選項C是可以被假設(shè)的，選項D是可以被闡述的。選項C最貼合presumably的意思，選擇C。

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paragraph 4
8. According to paragraph 4, how has the spread of agriculture affected raccoon populations?
A. The spread of agriculture destroyed some of the raccoon's natural habitats and reduced their populations in Kansas and eastern Colorado.
B. Because of the availability of corn and other cereal grains as a result of the spread of agriculture.
C. The spread of agriculture may have contributed to some raccoon expansion but has not always caused raccoon populations to expand.
D. The spread of agriculture to Kansas and eastern Colorado brought increased raccoon populations in the 1870s and 1880s.
答案：C選項正確

解析：本題根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞the spread of agriculture定位到這兩句：The raccoon's expansion in various areas may also be due to the spread of agriculture. 和 The expansion of agriculture, however, does not necessarily lead to rapid increases in their abundance. 這兩句話的大致意思是：農(nóng)業(yè)的擴張也可能是raccoon擴張的原因之一，但是農(nóng)業(yè)的擴張并不一定會導(dǎo)致raccoon數(shù)量的迅速增長。選項C正是這個意思。其他三個選項都是這兩句原文的曲解。 

paragraph 5
9. According to paragraph 5, what was true about raccoons before the arrival of European settlers?
A. They were widely distribute throughout the region.
B. There were found mostly in areas of open prairie.
C. They were not found in most of Canada.
D. They had not yet reached the wooded areas of the southeastern portion of the region.
答案：C選項正確

解析：本題根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞before the arrival of European settlers，定位到原文中這一句：Prior to Europeans settling and farming the Great Plains Region, raccoons probably were just found along its rivers and streams and in the wooded areas of its southeastern section. 本句大意是：在歐洲殖民者到來并在大平原上耕作之前，raccoons可能只能在大平原的東南部分的河流或者森林里生存。選項C說raccoons在加拿大大部分地區(qū)都沒有分布，正確;選項A說它們在大平原分布廣泛，錯誤;選項B說它們最常見的地方是開放的大草原，錯誤;選項D說它們沒有到達大平原的東南部，錯誤，它們本來就是分布在東南部的。選擇C。

10. What can be concluded from the discussion in paragraph 5 about coyotes and raccoons in Manitoba?
A. In the 1950s both coyotes and raccoons increased their populations.
B. Coyotes are more difficult to control than raccoons are.
C. Coyotes and raccoons both tend to prefer regions that have rivers, streams, and wooded areas.
D. More evidence is needed to determine if controlling coyotes contributed to raccoon expansion in the 1950s.
答案：D選項正確

解析：本題題干給出的關(guān)鍵詞是Manitoba。帶著這個關(guān)鍵詞定位到第五段中部。出題點在這一句：If their numbers are sufficient coyotes might be able to suppress raccoon populations (though little direct evidence supports this notion). 括號里的文字說明，缺少證據(jù)證明coyates的數(shù)量增多會對raccoon的數(shù)量造成損害。選項D是這句話的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。選項A說兩者的數(shù)量都有所增長，選項B說coyotes比起raccoon更難控制，選項C說coyotes和raccoon都喜歡有河流或者樹木的地方，三者都不符合原文。選擇D。

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paragraph 6
11. The word "critical" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. predictable
B. crucial
C. negative
D. Contributing
答案：B選項正確

解析：本題根據(jù)所考察的詞匯定位到原文中這一句：The extermination of the wolf from most of the contiguous United States may have been a critical factor in the raccoon's expansion and numerical increase. 本句大意是：狼群的滅絕可能是raccoon擴張和數(shù)量增多的關(guān)鍵因素。critical的意思是關(guān)鍵的。選項A是可以預(yù)測的，選項B是關(guān)鍵的，選項C是負(fù)面的，選項D是有貢獻的。選項B最符合critical的意思。選擇B。

12. According to paragraph 6, during the eighteenth century, raccoons were abundant only in forests and wooded bottomlands of major rivers mainly because those were the only places where raccoons
A. were relatively safe from conflict with humans.
B. had little trouble finding sufficient food.
C. had some protection from wolves.
D. could find a varied diet or prey.
答案：C選項正確

解析：本題的出題點在于這一句：In such areas, their arboreal habits and the presence of hollow den trees should have offered some protection from wolves and other large predators. 本句大意是：在這些地方，這些地區(qū)的樹木可以保護raccoon免受狼群和其他大型捕食者的傷害。選項C符合。選項A是它們不會和人類產(chǎn)生沖突，選項B是它們可以找到足夠的食物，選項D是它們可以找到多樣食物，都不合原文意思。選擇C。

13. Look at the four squares [ ■ ]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Indeed, raccoons now occur in many parts of Europe and Asia, far outside their natural range.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [ ■ ] to insert the sentence in the passage.
答案：D選項正確

解析：本題需要先分析下需要插入的句子：Indeed, raccoons now occur in many parts of Europe and Asia, far outside their natural range. indeed這個詞暗示我們這句話和它前面內(nèi)容是遞進關(guān)系，now暗示我們可能前文說的是過去的情況，many parts of Europe則暗示了本句周圍句子所講的主題內(nèi)容。帶著這些預(yù)設(shè)我們一一去嘗試四個可插入位置，發(fā)現(xiàn)最后一個位置很合適。前面other parts和本句many parts相呼應(yīng)，兩句的意思上構(gòu)成遞進關(guān)系，選擇D。

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in summary because the express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. The Question is worth 2 points
In 1943 raccoon populations in North America began to expand rapidly, probably becoming fifteen to twenty times larger by the late 1980s.
Answers Choices
A. Raccoon populations have grown in part because of expansion into new habitats created by the growth of urban and especially suburban areas and perhaps by the spread of agriculture in some regions.
B. Raccoons have been deliberately introduced throughout the United States and in other parts of the world, and transplanted individuals are often rapidly able to exploit new environments.
C. It is unlikely that raccoon populations will grow in the future at the rate they have since 1943because raccoons have now colonized most of the habitats suitable for them.
D. Raccoons are native species only from southern Canada through Central America, but in the twentieth century they successfully migrated to most other regions of the Western Hemisphere.
E. Raccoons became established in Canada when coyotes expanded into their habitats in the United States.
F. The elimination of wolves from much of the United States was probably essential to raccoon's expansion and numerical increase, and the control of coyotes might also have contributed.
Drag your answer choices to the space where they belong. To remove an answer choice, double click on it.
答案：ABF選項正確

解析：本題需要依次分析每個選項。選項A是說raccoon的擴張狀況，概括了第二三段的主要內(nèi)容，正確;選項B也是講的raccoon是被人為引入美國以及其他地區(qū)的，概括了二三段的內(nèi)容，正確;選項C說raccoon不大可能繼續(xù)增加數(shù)量，是不對的，根據(jù)第二段前三句話我們可以知道，raccoon數(shù)量很可能繼續(xù)增長;選項D說raccoon來自南加拿大，遷移去了西部，與原文相反，不選;選項E說coyotes進入raccoon的美國棲息地后，raccoon遷移去了加拿大，這個原文中沒說;選項F說了影響raccoons數(shù)量的兩個因素，狼和coyotes，總結(jié)了第五六段的內(nèi)容，正確。綜合起來選擇A，B，F(xiàn)。

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