淺析托福閱讀推理推斷題找“對(duì)象”的妙用

 

題讀完了，我們來(lái)講做題思路。熟悉托福的考生們肯定都知道，托福閱讀就是靠“定位”。推斷題也是一樣。但是“定位詞”不是亂找的。很多時(shí)候它就藏在題干里。

這道題中提到了“狗的唾液”，說(shuō)明我們?cè)谖闹幸�找的句子一定�?ldquo;狗”和“唾液”有關(guān)！

回到原文，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)包含這兩者的句子就是最后一句：與狗不同，它們的唾液有很強(qiáng)的清潔力

好的！接下來(lái)！就是萬(wàn)眾期待的“找對(duì)象”環(huán)節(jié)了！

在這個(gè)句子里，描述的對(duì)象總共有兩處：一個(gè)是“狗”；一個(gè)是“它們”通過(guò)上下文我們可以得知這里的“它們”就是貓貓們；

原句在這里做了一個(gè)貓狗們的唾液的對(duì)比：它們 – 貓 – 的唾液有清潔力，而狗沒(méi)有

所以關(guān)于‘狗的唾液’我們可以推斷出一個(gè)方向就是它們的唾液沒(méi)有很強(qiáng)的清潔力。
 

A里出現(xiàn)了和“人類沐浴露”的對(duì)比 - 超出了定位句的“對(duì)象”范圍 不選

B里就是 狗狗 和 唾液清潔力 - 符合對(duì)象 待定

C里出現(xiàn)了“動(dòng)物”- 超出了“對(duì)象”范圍 排除

D里是 狗狗 和 唾液 - 看起來(lái)也很符合 但是！ 這里說(shuō)的是狗的唾液有清潔力和原文不符

 

所以最后我們的答案就是B選項(xiàng)啦！

這里我們可以看到 確定了“對(duì)象”對(duì)我們解題的重要性！

Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans—whales, porpoises, and dolphins—are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans. （TPO2-2）
 

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters? 
 

○It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.

○There were great numbers of them.

○They lived in the sea only.

○They did not leave many fossil remains.
 

很多考生一看到這么長(zhǎng)的段落已經(jīng)有點(diǎn)頭蒙，看到是infer這個(gè)單詞更是直接兩眼一閉，嘿呀！盲選一個(gè)答案拉倒。不要緊張！按照我們之前的解題思路：找“對(duì)象”呀！
 

來(lái)看選項(xiàng)：

A.不難想象otters 的長(zhǎng)相           符合！

B.數(shù)量很多  超出了“對(duì)象”范圍    排除

C.只生活在海里 超出了“對(duì)象”范圍 排除

D.沒(méi)有很多化石 超出了“對(duì)象”范圍 排除

 

綜上，我們就可以得到正確的答案：A啦

 

下面我們?cè)賮?lái)練一道！

Paragraph 2: This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height. The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the canals. This job gave Smith an opportunity to study the fresh rock outcrops created by the newly dug canal. He later worked on similar jobs across the length and breadth of England, all the while studying the newly revealed strata and collecting all the fossils he could find. Smith used mail coaches to travel as much as 10,000 miles per year. In 1815 he published the first modern geological map, “A Map of the Strata of England and Wales with a Part of Scotland,” a map so meticulously researched that it can still be used today. （TPO6-2）

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about canal building?

○ Canals were built primarily in the south of England rather than in other regions.

○ Canal building decreased after the steam locomotive was invented.

○ Canal building made it difficult to study rock strata which often became damaged in the process.

○ Canal builders hired surveyors like Smith to examine exposed rock strata.
 

這道題是一道5星難度題，一半的學(xué)生被段落的長(zhǎng)篇幅和推理推斷這個(gè)概念唬的五迷三道，掙扎了半天，最后繳槍投降。但是如果運(yùn)用我們今天講的思路，這道題也可以直接秒殺。

首先看題干找定位發(fā)現(xiàn)是: canal building 

回到原文找到是在文中的第一句：This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height.

這句話中的對(duì)象出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)：steam locomotive 和 canal building （如圖示）