資深教師評雅思寫作：老齡化社會利與弊

In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on society?

這是一道關(guān)于老齡化社會的常見雅思寫作考題，在準(zhǔn)備提綱時(shí)，同學(xué)們可以從“老齡化社會成因——老齡化社會危害——解決方法”的結(jié)構(gòu)入手，完成該題。
　　相關(guān)背景準(zhǔn)備：
　　如今人口老齡化(aging population)已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)世界范圍的社會現(xiàn)象(worldwide phenomenon)。發(fā)達(dá)國家老齡化進(jìn)程長達(dá)幾十年至100多年，而我國只用了18年就進(jìn)入了老齡化社會，而且老齡化的速度還在加快。從根本上講，這種趨勢是醫(yī)療進(jìn)步(medical progress)、教育水平(educational progress)明顯提高和公共衛(wèi)生事業(yè)(public health programs)成就的直接結(jié)果。
　　然而，這樣的趨勢卻是充滿危害的。因?yàn)槲覈�未富先老的國情，加之家庭小型化的結(jié)構(gòu)，養(yǎng)老問題(例如pension system)已經(jīng)成為政府和家庭需要面對的問題。此外，人口老齡化也造成勞動力缺口(labor shortage)，這對于發(fā)展中國家更是一大問題。
　　各個(gè)國家都在積極想辦法緩解人口老齡化帶來的影響，但是諸如提高退休年齡(raise the retirement age)這樣的舉措都獲得各國人民的一致反對。中國的人口學(xué)者分析，未來20年內(nèi)，政府應(yīng)容忍亞非國家向中國大量移民，據(jù)預(yù)測，未來勞力缺口達(dá)到1億以上，中國將形成大規(guī)模的移民潮，成為除美國之外，容納全球性移民最多的國家。
　　了解了以上背景之后，我們便可以形成如下思路：
　　開頭段：人口老齡化已經(jīng)成為世界范圍的趨勢。其成因主要是醫(yī)療進(jìn)步等方面的成果。其危害大于優(yōu)勢。
　　主體段1：養(yǎng)老金系統(tǒng)會導(dǎo)致政府面對巨大的財(cái)政壓力。
　　主體段2：勞動力缺口會導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展放緩。
　　結(jié)尾段：各國應(yīng)合作共同解決這個(gè)問題。

The aging population has been regarded as a worldwide phenomenon. （交代背景）Fundamentally, such trend is an evitable outcome of the improvement of educational level and medical progress and the achievement of public health programs. （分析成因）However, disadvantages brought with such demographic change can never be neglected.（提出個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)）

First, as life expectancy has risen and will continue to increase, the pension system will pose a far more serious financial burden on governments.（中心論點(diǎn)） Increase in the number of retired people means a higher pressure for those financing their pensions.（進(jìn)一步論證） Such unsustainable situation calls for governments to carry out more effective measures to keep their pension systems afloat. Unfortunately, measures such as raising the retirement age to bring down huge public deficits has proved to be quite unpopular among people.（事例論證）

In addition, with more employers retiring and less workforce available, economy would definitely suffer. （中心論點(diǎn)）The number of job vacancies in China are predicted to reach over one hundred million in twenty years.（事例論證） If there are not enough young adults replenish the labor pool, Chinese government will probably have to rely largely on immigrants from South-eastern countries to guarantee a sufficient labor supply and even abolish one-child policy in response to its ongoing economic crisis.（反證）       

From what is discussed above, different areas of aging research all point to the same conclusion that disadvantages of an aging society far outweighs its advantages.（重申觀點(diǎn)）Therefore, countries should cooperate very closely with each other and establish more platforms for academicians and scientists to research and reverse the ongoing trend.（升華主題）

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【專業(yè)資歷】
新通石室北美留學(xué)考試項(xiàng)目教師。主講托�？荚�、雅思考試及雙語物理課程。
【成功案例】
學(xué)生入學(xué)時(shí)托福只取得62分的成績，聽力分?jǐn)?shù)最佳，口語和寫作表現(xiàn)其次，閱讀則為主要失分點(diǎn)。通過“專項(xiàng)突破+查漏補(bǔ)缺”的教學(xué)方式，學(xué)生在兩個(gè)月的沖刺后有了巨大的進(jìn)步，總成績提升32分，取得了94分的好成績，成功被美國專業(yè)排名第二的大學(xué)錄取。