托福閱讀詞匯題目考點(diǎn)講解（一）

Spartina is an exceedingly competitive plant. It spreads primarily by underground stems; colonies form when pieces of the root system or whole plants float into an area and take root or when seeds float into a suitable area and germinate. Spartina establishes itself on substrates ranging from sand and silt to gravel and cobble and is tolerant of salinities ranging from that of near freshwater (0.05 percent) to that of salt water (3.5 percent). Because they lack oxygen, marsh sediments are high in sulfides that are toxic to most plants. Spartina has the ability to take up sulfides and convert them to sulfate, a form of sulfur that the plant can use; this ability makes it easier for the grass to colonize marsh environments. Another adaptive advantage is Spartina’s ability to use carbon dioxide more efficiently than most other plants.
　　The word "exceedingly" in the passage is closest in meaning to
　　O unusually
　　O dangerously
　　O surprisingly
　　O highly
　　解析：托福閱讀詞匯題出題的目的是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生的詞匯量，而不是考查做題技巧。但是也不能全盤否定托福閱讀詞匯題是毫無(wú)方法可循的。比如上面一題，假如認(rèn)識(shí)該詞匯，當(dāng)然答案是一目了然的。但假如從未見(jiàn)過(guò)此詞，我們可以通過(guò)分析，來(lái)猜測(cè)出此詞的意思。ex-是英語(yǔ)里面常見(jiàn)的前綴之一，表示“外面”或“超過(guò)”的意思，因此英語(yǔ)里有很多詞匯的意思都跟此前綴的意思相關(guān)，比如：external(外面的), exterior（外面的）, export（出口）, exit（出口）, excellent （卓越的）。本題里面的exceedingly 也跟“外面” 或者 “超過(guò)”有關(guān)系。而下面的單詞唯有highly 是跟“超過(guò)”有關(guān)系的。因此答案就是第四個(gè)了。 通過(guò)查閱字典，我們也會(huì)知道exceed 是“超過(guò)”的意思，而“exceedingly” 是 “極其，非常”，與highly 是近義詞。 這種做題方法就是我們常見(jiàn)的“詞綴”分析法。