雅思聽(tīng)力題關(guān)鍵詞后置難點(diǎn)如何解決?

關(guān)鍵詞后置，是聽(tīng)力中除開(kāi)同意轉(zhuǎn)換和干擾項(xiàng)以外的另一大難點(diǎn)，并且在最近考試中頻繁出現(xiàn)，出現(xiàn)的部分從Section4一直延升到了Section2, 是聽(tīng)力備考中不可忽視的問(wèn)題。

常見(jiàn)關(guān)鍵詞后置分四種情況，分別為：前置定語(yǔ)，后置定語(yǔ)，主謂賓與從句。

1.前置定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：前置定語(yǔ)在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“n. ______” 和 “adj. _______”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)名詞或形容詞的關(guān)鍵詞。在錄音中則經(jīng)常通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，將關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例1：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 21--Read IT ___________.錄音：look through catalogues specialised in IT.解析：通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，把名詞前置定語(yǔ)變成分詞后置定語(yǔ)，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例2：Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 3 Question 30--Excellent ___________.

錄音：F: OK, any other comments? M: I thought student support was excellent.解析：通過(guò)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。例3：Cambridge 6 Test 1 Section 3 Question 24--Reduced ___________ for students.錄音：students pay an annual fee that’s much less than the general public pay.解析：通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，把形容詞前置定語(yǔ)變成從句后置定語(yǔ)，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置，同時(shí)伴隨reduced的同意轉(zhuǎn)換。

2.后置定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：后置定語(yǔ)在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“n. prep. ______” 和 “n. p. _______”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞如“名詞-介詞(如of, for, about, in, on, etc.)”或“名詞-分詞”。

在錄音中則經(jīng)常通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，將名詞關(guān)鍵詞后置。例1：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 2 Question 15--Will explain about arrangement for ______________ and fire exits.

錄音：He will also go through the security arrangement with you and show you the fire exits.

解析：通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，把介詞短語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)變成名詞前置定語(yǔ)，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例2：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 22

--Spoken to Jane Prince

Head of the _____________.錄音：F: Jane Prince, do you know her? She’s in the Computer Centre.

M: Yes, of course, she is the new head.

解析：通過(guò)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例3： Cambridge 6 Test 1 Section 4 Question 32

--New technology allowed the production of goods made of ________ and ________錄音：The technology they introduced meant that metal and leather goods were produced there for the first time.

解析：通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，把分詞后置定語(yǔ)變成名詞前置定語(yǔ)，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。

小結(jié)：和2類(lèi)關(guān)鍵詞后置通常出現(xiàn)于Section2-4的大表格填空中。

考生須要在讀題時(shí)事先判斷易出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞后置的題目，并且對(duì)答案進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè);而后在聽(tīng)題時(shí)利用預(yù)測(cè)捕捉答案，后置的關(guān)鍵詞起確認(rèn)答案的作用。因此在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要熟悉聽(tīng)力題目中常見(jiàn)的容易出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞后置的結(jié)構(gòu)，培養(yǎng)視覺(jué)敏感度;并且熟練掌握語(yǔ)法上定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換。

主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：主謂賓在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“subj. pred. __________”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)名詞(主語(yǔ))和動(dòng)詞(謂語(yǔ))的關(guān)鍵詞。在錄音中則經(jīng)常通過(guò)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)位置的調(diào)換，以及謂語(yǔ)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，或者其它句式變化，將名詞關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例1：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 11 & 12

--Local services depart from _____________ railway station.--National services depart from _____________ railway station.錄音：F: We’ve got two main train stations in the town. The King Street is for local commute lines and regional services.

M: What about trains to London? I’ll need to go there on business for one day.

F: Then you need to go to central station, that’s for all the national services.

解析：Q11通過(guò)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換，Q12通過(guò)句型轉(zhuǎn)換，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置.

例2：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 14 --The price of a first class ticket includes ____________.

錄音：There’s a buffet car, though refreshments are included in the cost of a first class ticket.

解析：通過(guò)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置，伴隨price-cost的同意轉(zhuǎn)換。

例3：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 4 Question 38 --The first motion picture was called The__________________.

錄音：So now, there was a real possibility of having films of more than two or three minutes, and this lead to the making of The Great Train Robbery, the very first movie made.

解析：通過(guò)句型轉(zhuǎn)換，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置，伴隨motion picture-movie的同意轉(zhuǎn)換。

從句結(jié)構(gòu)

從句在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“……. conj. ________”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)從句連接詞(如when, where, because, as, if, etc.)。在錄音中則通過(guò)調(diào)換連接詞前后分句的次序，將填空前的關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例1：Cambridge 5 Test 1 Section 4 Question 36 & 37 --Research indicates that many women only think about their financial future when a ________ occurs.

--It is best for women to start thinking about pensions when they are in their _______.

錄音：The research indicates that at present for women it takes a crisis to make them think about their future financial situation. But of course this is the very worst time for anyone to make any important decisions. Women today need to look ahead, think ahead, not wait until they’re under pressure. Even women in their early twenties, need to think about pensions for example.

解析：通過(guò)調(diào)換從句中兩個(gè)分句的位置，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例2：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 4 Question 40 --In ancient India a man would fight a lion as a test of _____________.

錄音：In ancient India, one of the greatest tests of leadership for a man was to fight a lion.

解析：通過(guò)調(diào)換從句中兩個(gè)分句的位置，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。

3和4類(lèi)關(guān)鍵詞后置通常出現(xiàn)于Section2-4的句子填空中。考生須要在讀題時(shí)事先判斷易出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞后置的題目，并且對(duì)答案進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè);而后在聽(tīng)題時(shí)利用預(yù)測(cè)捕捉答案，后置的關(guān)鍵詞起確認(rèn)答案的作用。

因此在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要熟悉聽(tīng)力題目中常見(jiàn)的容易出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞后置的結(jié)構(gòu)，培養(yǎng)視覺(jué)敏感度;并且熟練掌握語(yǔ)法上主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)和從句結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換。

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王同學(xué)，屬于基礎(chǔ)較好的高三學(xué)生。上培訓(xùn)課前將劍橋8做過(guò)兩遍，但是正確率沒(méi)有明顯進(jìn)步。通過(guò)和學(xué)生的多次交談和溝通，發(fā)現(xiàn)他在做題之后僅僅對(duì)了答案，并沒(méi)有深入剖析做題錯(cuò)誤的根源：段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì)題正確率很低，他總是會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)關(guān)鍵信息而找不到答案。于是我們把上課重點(diǎn)放在同義轉(zhuǎn)換歸類(lèi)上。不僅僅是同義詞、反義詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，還有對(duì)于某個(gè)信息可能出現(xiàn)的句子形式也需要brainstorming練習(xí)。通過(guò)一個(gè)多月的輔導(dǎo)和練習(xí)，該同學(xué)參加雅思考試最終閱讀考了9分的高分。