如何解決雅思作文“長(zhǎng)不高”的煩惱

英語基礎(chǔ)差的雅思考生在寫雅思作文的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常會(huì)為句子寫不長(zhǎng)而煩惱，無論其怎么地絞盡腦汁地湊字?jǐn)?shù)，文章看起來都是“短小精湛”。于是考生十分的困惑，究竟怎樣才能把雅思作文的句子寫長(zhǎng)一點(diǎn)？就像身體長(zhǎng)高有一定的方法，讓雅思作文長(zhǎng)高也是有方法可循的。在雅思考試中，閱卷官對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句情有獨(dú)鐘，為了能夠獲得考官的青睞，考生勢(shì)必得投其所好，寫出“高大威武”的長(zhǎng)難句。本次的講解核心是雅思寫作長(zhǎng)難句，重點(diǎn)介紹如何用定語狀語寫長(zhǎng)句子，為句子帶上高帽和戴上增高鞋，幫助考生解決雅思作文“長(zhǎng)不高”的煩惱，使句子獲得由短變長(zhǎng)的飛躍。
    英語的基本句型有五種，無論多么復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句，在句子“長(zhǎng)高”之前，其實(shí)都是一些簡(jiǎn)單句。
    我們先來看看一些簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型的實(shí)例，
第一種：主語  ＋   不及物動(dòng)詞
John came．
第二種：主語  ＋  及物動(dòng)詞  ＋  賓語
John likes English.
第三種：主語  ＋   系動(dòng)詞   ＋  主語補(bǔ)語
John is happy．
第四種：主語  ＋  雙賓動(dòng)詞  ＋  間接賓語  ＋  直接賓語
John gave me a book．
第五種：主語  ＋  賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞  ＋  賓語  ＋  賓語補(bǔ)語
John makes his girl friend happy．
    John出場(chǎng)了，我們看到了，他長(zhǎng)得確實(shí)“有點(diǎn)短”，我們想幫助他長(zhǎng)高，有什么妙招呢？
    方法就是：給句子加上一些基本成份的修飾語，然后用連詞連接起來。
    基本成分的修飾語用定語和狀語，定語是用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句，狀語是用來修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語或從句。
定    語
Poor John came.
John likes American English
John is rather happy．
John gave his girl friend many books，which are full of illustrations．
John makes his girl friend very happy．
狀   語
John often came to chat with me．
John likes English very much．
No matter what happen, John is happy．
In the library, John gave his girl friend a book．
Whatever he do，John makes his girl friend very happy．
    上面的例子十分簡(jiǎn)單，相信考生可以快速領(lǐng)會(huì)到此方法的妙處。
    學(xué)會(huì)用定語和狀語寫長(zhǎng)句子，我們?cè)賮砜纯丛趺从眠B接成分使句子一高再高。
連接成份實(shí)際上是一個(gè)連詞，用來連接兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)平行的詞、短語和分句，這種連詞叫做并列連詞，另一類連接成份是用來連接兩個(gè)句子、且一個(gè)句子從屬于另一個(gè)句子（即從句）的連詞，這類連詞叫從屬連詞，從屬連詞主要用于引導(dǎo)各種從句。一個(gè)完整的句子（主句或從句）必須包含2個(gè)到4個(gè)基本成分，此外，如果意思上有需要，還可包含一個(gè)或更多其他的句子成份。
    簡(jiǎn)單句的擴(kuò)展就是把簡(jiǎn)單句的主語、賓語加上一個(gè)短語（如定語）來擴(kuò)展，及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞也可以與其它短語（如狀語）連用進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語可以用and、but、both..and、either…or、neither…nor、not only…but also等連詞連接組成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，但應(yīng)注意主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的一致性。
例句：John is flying to America. His girl friend is flying to America.
      John and his girl friend are flying to America.
      Both John and his girl friend are flying to America.
      John is flying to England. His girl friend is not flying to England.
      John but not his girl friend is flying to England.
      John may be flying to Berlin. His girl friend may be flying to Berlin.
      Either John or his girl friend is flying to Berlin.
      John is not flying to York. His girl friend isn’t flying to York.
      Neither John nor his girl friend is flying to York.
    兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的賓語可由and、both…and等連詞連接組成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。
例句：I met John. I met his girl friend.
      I met John and his girl friend.
      I met John and his girl friend.
      I didn’t meet John. I didn’t meet his girl friend.
      I didn’t meet John or his girl friend.
      I met neither John nor his girl friend.
      例句是不是很通俗易懂呢？對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)特別差的學(xué)生，最實(shí)用的妙招就是套用套句
例如：
Another special consideration in this case is that... 對(duì)這個(gè)問題的另一考慮是...
Besides, we should not neglect that... 除此之外，我們還不能忽視...
But it is a pity that... 但遺憾的是...
But the problem is not so simple, therefore... 然而問題并非如此簡(jiǎn)單，因此...
Others may find this to be true, but I do not, I believe that... 在別人看來可能是對(duì)的，但我個(gè)人并不認(rèn)為如此，我認(rèn)為...
Perhaps you'll question why... 也許你會(huì)問為什么...
There is certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem... 盡管大量事實(shí)如此，但我們還有一個(gè)疑問...
Though we are in basic agreement with... 雖然基本上我們同意...
What seems to be the trouble is... 似乎困難是在...
Yet difference will be found, what is why I feel that... 然而其中仍有差別，這也正是我們?yōu)槭裁凑J(rèn)為...
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you may... 只要你認(rèn)為這合理，你就可以...
...should be put in the first place. ...應(yīng)放在首要位置
Next, another factor we must consider is that... 接下來，我們必須考慮的另一因素是...
The main reason that can be seen by everyone is that... 每個(gè)人都注意到，最主要的原因是...
What is also with noticing is that... 另一個(gè)值得注意的是...
    有了這些套句的幫助，學(xué)生寫不出長(zhǎng)句的時(shí)候套進(jìn)去，句子也會(huì)迅速變長(zhǎng)的。
    接下來我們看看雅思作文中一些“長(zhǎng)不高”的句子，在我們的幫助下是如何“長(zhǎng)高”的。
長(zhǎng)高前：Nuclear plants are clean and economical but people hold a strong negative attitude toward them.
  長(zhǎng)高后：Nuclear plants are a clean and economical way of producing vast amounts of much-needed energy; however people, especially local residents, who are very concerned about safety, hold a strong negative attitude toward them.
方法：增加定語of producing vast amounts of much-needed energy來修飾way,添加連詞however，添加especially local residents來限制people,再用定語從句who are very concerned about safety來修飾people.這樣一來，句子就被“拔高”了。
再看兩個(gè)例句：
  長(zhǎng)高前：　Some people succeed. Other people fail. The difference is whether they can take advantage of opportunities.　　
  長(zhǎng)高后：One essential difference between those who succeed and those who fail is the extent to which they take advantage of opportunities rather than the number of opportunities, which will inevitably arise, if rarely, in the course of one’s life.
  方法：用between。。。。。。and。。。。。。把Some people succeed和Other people fail兩個(gè)短句連接起來，用兩個(gè)which引導(dǎo)定語從句和非限制性定語從句，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。巧用從句，寫出長(zhǎng)句有何難？
  長(zhǎng)高前：College students are interested in grades and economic success. They are expected to cheat more frequently.　　   
  長(zhǎng)高后：College students, primarily interested in grades and economic success, are expected to cheat more frequently than those who graduated ten years ago and are far less concerned with the problem of society than with their own personal future.
  方法：從句primarily interested in grades and economic success來修飾College students，those who graduated ten years ago來與現(xiàn)在的College students做對(duì)比，and連接的句子指出College students的問題。
    接下來我們一起看看一篇雅思的考官范文，看看考官是如何寫出長(zhǎng)難句的，如何讓雅思作文“鶴立雞群”。
題目：
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
考官范文：
    As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries. Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.
    第一段是對(duì)題目的改寫，整段的核心意思是說的就是職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員收入頗豐
（sports professionals are paid huge salaries）。作者先給出原因，在媒體不斷地推波助瀾下，我國(guó)的許多職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員已成為了明星和名人。（As a result of constant media attention，sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities）再揭露現(xiàn)象，像一些電影明星一樣，他（她）們也是香車豪宅，生活極為奢華。（Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.）。作者用的狀語有，原因狀語（As a result of），地點(diǎn)狀語（in my country），比較狀語（Just like movie stars），方式狀語（with huge houses and cars）。作者用的定語有，形容詞做定語，如，constant，定語從句，如，those at the top修飾sports professionals。
Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists, or even leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country. However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate. So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.
    第二段講的是許多人覺得他（她）們的回報(bào)極為不公（Many people find their rewards unfair
）作者給出合理解釋，運(yùn)動(dòng)員的薪水并不是由一個(gè)人對(duì)社會(huì)所做出的貢獻(xiàn)或者其責(zé)任水平所決定，相反，它們反映的是從整體上來說體育運(yùn)動(dòng)在大眾中的普及性以及那些成功的體育明星對(duì)促進(jìn)公眾對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的支持所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。（sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate.）作者在第一句講許多人覺得他（她）們的回報(bào)極為不公，后面用了兩個(gè)從句跟隨especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists，or even leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country。本來句子是“不高”的，作者帶為其帶上高帽和穿上增高鞋，句子一下子就“高大威武”許多。
Those who feel that sports stars’ salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of these factors may justify the huge earnings.
    第三段講了體育明星拿高薪的原因，那些認(rèn)為體育明星拿高薪無可厚非的人爭(zhēng)辯說那些有天賦的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)員實(shí)屬鳳毛麟角，高薪是對(duì)他（她）們嫻熟技能和通往成功之路所付出努力的承認(rèn)。（　Those who feel that sports stars’ salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful.）作者用了套句Those who。。。。。。argue that。。。。。。
競(jìng)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)不斷，運(yùn)動(dòng)員在他（她）們相對(duì)較短的運(yùn)動(dòng)生涯中迎接每次檢驗(yàn)。來自于媒體的壓力令人窒息，而且他（她）們必須生活在鎂光燈下，沒有隱私。這一切都證明了他（她）們高薪得之無愧。（Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform. in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of these factors may justify the huge earnings.）作者列舉了兩個(gè)原因，持續(xù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，媒體的壓力，明星運(yùn)動(dòng)員的付出比常人多，高薪得之無愧。
Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars, but at the same time, it indicatesthat our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.
    最后一段，再一次重申了體育明星的高薪更受之無愧并呼吁我們關(guān)注體育領(lǐng)域。比起電影明星的高薪，體育明星的高薪更受之無愧（I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars）該現(xiàn)象也顯得出我們的社會(huì)更關(guān)注體育而非其它一些更重要的領(lǐng)域和成就（it indicatesthat our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.）作者使用的狀語有personally, but at the same time.
     大家看了雅思考官的作文，結(jié)合以上的分析，是不是有一種如釋重負(fù)的感覺，原來考官寫的作文也不過如此。
    不積跬步無以至千里，不積小流無以成江�！，F(xiàn)在大家應(yīng)該知道如何使短句變長(zhǎng)句了，同學(xué)們要時(shí)刻牢記：寫作的終極目的是考察學(xué)生的語言能力，你的雅思作文要想鶴立雞群，就得學(xué)會(huì)讓雅思作文“長(zhǎng)高”的方法。