【雙語】BBC看中國：“土豪”成英語熱詞

　　A new word has suddenly become wildly popular in China - "tuhao" - which loosely translated means "nouveau riche". There have been more than 100 million references to the word "tuhao" on social media since early September.
　　一個新詞最近突然在中國爆紅——“土豪”，勉強可以翻譯為“nouveau riche”（法語：暴發(fā)戶）。九月份上旬以來，“土豪”一詞在中國社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)上出現(xiàn)了1億多次。

　　It's being used to describe everything from the new People's Daily building, to expensive celebrity weddings full of bling, and the new gold-coloured iPhone.
　　從人民日報社的新大樓到明星大腕紙醉金迷的婚禮，到新款的金色iPhone，一切都可以被形容為“土豪”。

　　In Chinese "tu" means earth, and "hao" means rich. To say someone is tuhao is to imply they come from a poor peasant background, and have made it rich quick - but don't quite have the manners, or sophistication to go along with it. It's like the term "nouveau riche", says Professor Steve Tsang at the School of Contemporary Chinese Studies in Nottingham - but has even more negative connotations, suggesting a certain vulgarity.
　　在漢語中，“土” 即庸俗、土氣，“豪” 即富貴。說某人是土豪即意味著此人出身卑微，后來突然暴富——卻沒有培養(yǎng)出和物質(zhì)財富相應的禮貌風范和城府。來自諾丁漢大學的當代中國研究學院教授曾銳生表示，土豪有點像是法語中nouveau riche 暴發(fā)戶，但指代更消極，還稍嫌粗俗。

　　"Tuhao" is actually an old word - dating back perhaps as far as the Southern Dynasty 1,500 years ago - but it has always meant something rather different. During the communist revolution, from the 1920s to early 1950s, it was widely used to refer to landholders and gentry who would bully those beneath them.
　　“土豪”實際上是一個舊詞——最早可以追溯到1500年前的南朝時期——但它的意義在歷朝歷代一直都在變化。在20世紀20年代至50年代的社會主義革命期間，它被廣泛用于形容那些壓迫農(nóng)民階級的地主鄉(xiāng)紳。

　　This new usage of the term took off in September after a widely-shared joke about a rich, but unhappy man, who goes to a Buddhist monk for advice, expecting to be told to live a more simple life. The monk replies instead with the phrase: "Tuhao, let's be friends!"
　　今年9月份以來，這個詞被賦予新的含義并重新啟用，這是由一個廣為流傳的笑話所引發(fā)的。一個富裕卻情緒消沉的人到廟里拜見高僧尋求指點。此人滿以為高僧會指點他過更簡樸的生活，沒想到僧人卻說：“土豪，我們交個朋友吧！”

　　Chinese internet users are highly creative in their use of language, and are constantly inventing, and re-inventing words as a way of getting past censorship rules. But in this case, its popularity seems to be down to the fact that it encapsulates China's changing society so well - many people sneer at those with wealth, but are secretly jealous.
　　中國網(wǎng)民在使用語言方法是極富創(chuàng)造性的，他們常常創(chuàng)造或改造詞匯，以此來規(guī)避審查。但是對于“土豪”這個詞，它之所以如此流行似乎是因為，歸根結(jié)底，它正是中國社會轉(zhuǎn)型的一個縮影——許多人對這些擁有財富的人表面鄙夷，暗中卻非常妒忌。

　　關(guān)鍵詞：土豪 tuhao，nouveau rich
　　本是漢語中固有詞語。在20世紀上半葉，特指有財有勢橫行鄉(xiāng)里的地主惡霸。今日之“土豪”泛指現(xiàn)實社會中富而不貴的群體。