雅思寫(xiě)作大講堂：如何用詞（二）

準(zhǔn)確用詞——詞之境

注意語(yǔ)境。只有注意語(yǔ)境，做到詞隨境變，才能發(fā)揮詞的真正功力。比如說(shuō)在寫(xiě)大作文時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該知道這是較正式的文章，應(yīng)該使用檔次高點(diǎn)的詞，想表達(dá)同意某種觀點(diǎn)，不要說(shuō)I think this suggestion OK ,也不要老說(shuō)I agree with this opinion。

稍微講究一點(diǎn)，可以用In my perspective, 或者 From my perspective, this opinion does sound rational。在寫(xiě)G類小作文的書(shū)信時(shí)，道歉信的用詞應(yīng)該謙卑誠(chéng)懇些，抱怨信的選詞應(yīng)該顯示禮貌的同時(shí)用詞力道大些、狠些，這樣才能傳達(dá)你的本意。

寫(xiě)學(xué)術(shù)小作文，尤其是數(shù)據(jù)類文章，精確很重要，因?yàn)榇祟愇恼潞苤v究科學(xué)性和準(zhǔn)確性。精確來(lái)源于圖表的觀察和自己的分析。比如一個(gè)學(xué)生寫(xiě)了這樣一個(gè)句子：I can see from the chart that the number of tourists from USA kept rising from 2003 to 2007。

單看句子確實(shí)沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，但行家一看就知道此句描寫(xiě)不準(zhǔn)確，句子沒(méi)有表達(dá)出人數(shù)上升的勢(shì)態(tài)——快或者慢，逐漸上升還是急劇上升，穩(wěn)定上升還是撥動(dòng)著上升。較好一個(gè)寫(xiě)法：The chart shows that the number of tourists form USA kept rising dramatically\gradually from 2003 to 2007.

我們來(lái)看一下考官怎么用詞(下文引自劍8第167頁(yè))：

There is no doubt that traffic and pollution from vehicles have become huge problems, both in cities and on motorways everywhere. Solving these problems is likely to need more than a simple rise in the price of petrol.

1. 簡(jiǎn)單的詞簡(jiǎn)單的句型There is no doubt that。

2. 簡(jiǎn)單的形容詞huge。

3. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Solving these problems，避免“人”的出現(xiàn)，試圖更客觀。

 While it is undeniable that private car use is one of the main causes of the increase in traffic and pollution, higher fuel costs are likely to limit the number of drivers for long. As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport, it would be very unpopular with everyone who needs to travel on the roads. But there are various other measures that could be implemented that would have a huge effect on these problems.

 1. 連詞While引出讓步壯語(yǔ)，后面的句型it is undeniable that也挺好的。

2. increase此處作名詞用。

3. 常用的詞組加簡(jiǎn)單的詞are likely to limit。

4. 連詞As引導(dǎo)一個(gè)原因壯語(yǔ)從句。

5. 普通的動(dòng)詞affect。

6. 實(shí)用精到的短語(yǔ)be very unpopular with。

7. 還不錯(cuò)的形容詞various，表達(dá)“多種多樣的”。

8. 有點(diǎn)難度的及物動(dòng)詞implemented，表達(dá)“應(yīng)用、使用”。

9. 又是普通的短語(yǔ)加通俗的形容詞have a huge effect on，huge是第二詞被用到。

I think to tackle the problem of pollution, cleaner fuels need to be developed. The technology is already available to produce electric cars that would be both quieter and cleaner to use. Persuading manufactures and travelers to adopt this new technology would be a more effective strategy for improving air quality, especially in cities.

1.還算可以的動(dòng)詞搭配tackle the problem of pollution。

2.較簡(jiǎn)單的詞develop表達(dá)“開(kāi)發(fā)”。

3. available在寫(xiě)作中比較常用，也比較好，表達(dá)“可利用的、可得的”。

4.多簡(jiǎn)單的形容詞 quieter and cleaner。

5.還不錯(cuò)的動(dòng)詞搭配adopt this new technology。

6. a more effective strategy，簡(jiǎn)單形容詞effective可以清晰地傳達(dá)意思。

However, traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people can use. To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers. For instance, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving your own car for long journeys.

1. 交通阻塞traffic congestion要會(huì)寫(xiě)。

2. improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers，此處improve是“增加”之意，available作后置定語(yǔ)有用了一遍。好詞經(jīng)常用。

3. 較有難度的sufficient，表達(dá)“足夠的”。

4. 準(zhǔn)確的搭配effectively maintained。

5. 較難的名詞及形容詞搭配would be made attractive and affordable alternatives。

 In conclusion, I think that long-term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the public to use public transport more, and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient systems.

1. 普通的短語(yǔ)depend on；2. construct and run efficient systems，用兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞并列準(zhǔn)確達(dá)意，用一個(gè)平常但精準(zhǔn)的形容詞efficient作限定詞。

 對(duì)于考官的文章，我從不迷信，也從不膜拜。以上只是個(gè)人覺(jué)得比較好的地方，做了簡(jiǎn)單分析，以供大家借鑒。

結(jié)束語(yǔ)

正確的方法與技巧的確能事半功倍，但是，不要一味投機(jī)取巧妄想一夜暴富。畢竟，寫(xiě)文章不可能一日就能達(dá)到出語(yǔ)驚人的功力。所以，我們得扎扎實(shí)實(shí)做點(diǎn)最起碼的功課——記單詞，否則一切都將是無(wú)源之水，流不長(zhǎng)啊！不過(guò)，如果時(shí)間有限的話，可以記憶一下高頻同義詞，以解燃眉之急。

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