托福閱讀常見(jiàn)題型之總結(jié)題詳解

總結(jié)題是托福閱讀�？嫉念}型之一。其實(shí)老外的文章也是幾個(gè)論點(diǎn)，然后每個(gè)論點(diǎn)加入一些例子細(xì)節(jié)構(gòu)成的，總結(jié)題就是要我們挑出來(lái)這些論點(diǎn)。

清楚了題目的考察目的，我們來(lái)看一下選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置。六個(gè)選項(xiàng)里面有三個(gè)對(duì)的，兩個(gè)不靠譜的跟文章不沾邊的，就是細(xì)節(jié)題那種原文沒(méi)提的選項(xiàng)，還有一個(gè)是細(xì)節(jié)信息。

先看個(gè)例子：

我愛(ài)她。First，她很美。她長(zhǎng)的很像楊冪。Besides，她身材很好。Last，她學(xué)習(xí)好，期末時(shí)候給我講題保證我不掛科

選項(xiàng)

1 她很美

2她長(zhǎng)的像楊冪

3她身材好

4她學(xué)習(xí)好

5小明經(jīng)常掛科

6柳巖身材好

大家很容易選出來(lái)134是主論點(diǎn)，而2是細(xì)節(jié)信息 5文章沒(méi)提 6 雖然柳巖身材真的很好，但是我們不能選，因?yàn)檫@是原文中沒(méi)有的

熟悉了選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置之后，我就給大家介紹出題思路。這種題，我還是建議大家用直選與排除的方法結(jié)合。

直選：讀文章每段的段首，注意，不僅僅是第一句話。讀到哪里為止呢，當(dāng)開(kāi)始有for example，或者開(kāi)始說(shuō)在幾幾年之類的細(xì)節(jié)信息，之前的部分就是觀點(diǎn)性內(nèi)容。

舉例：The opposite of an opportunist is a competitor. These organisms tend to have bigbodies, are long-lived, and spend relatively little effort each year on reproduction. An oak treeis a good example of a competitor. A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more,outcompeting all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up anyfree water in the soil. The leaves of an oak tree taste foul because they are rich in tannins, achemical that renders them distasteful or indigestible to many organisms. The tannins are part of the defense mechanism that is essential to longevity. Although oaks produce thousands of acorns, the investment in a crop of acorns is small compared with the energy spent on building leaves, trunk, and roots. Once an oak tree becomes established, it is likely to survive minor cycles of drought and even fire. A population of oaks is likely to be relatively stable through time, and its survival is likely to depend more on its ability to withstand the pressures of competition or predation than on its ability to take advantage of chance events.It should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare in nature, as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics.

有同學(xué)看到這段就頭疼了，這么長(zhǎng)，告訴你，不長(zhǎng)，就兩句話加個(gè)單詞。

看第一句，相對(duì)于機(jī)會(huì)者的是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者。然后第二句描述了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的特點(diǎn)，之后出現(xiàn)了oak，用oak舉例。所以本段的主旨就是相對(duì)于機(jī)會(huì)者的是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者有…………。然后用oak舉例說(shuō)明這些特征!

找到了每段的主旨，去對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)的順序是和文章段落順序相同的，一一對(duì)應(yīng)去選擇主旨句的同意轉(zhuǎn)述就OK了。

名門正派的招式介紹完了，下面開(kāi)始介紹歪門邪道，一些無(wú)恥技巧。

無(wú)恥技巧1

按照問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞尋找答案。就像我上面的例子，我再說(shuō)“她”，我愛(ài)她，所以正確的選項(xiàng)里面一定要有“她”的出現(xiàn)。

上例題：The technology of modern cinema evolved at the end of the nineteenth century.

1. Kinetoscope parlors or viewing films were modeled on phonograph parlors

2. Thomas Edison's design of the

Kinetoscope inspired the development of large screen projection.

3. Early cinema allowed individuals to use special machines to view films privately.

4. Slides-and-lantern shows had been presented.

5. The development of projection technology made it possible to project images on a largescreen

6. once films images could be projected,

the cinema became a form of mass consumption

其中只有三個(gè)選項(xiàng)有本問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞，本問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞是 the technology of cinema.

無(wú)恥技巧2

針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)信息與原文中沒(méi)有的信息，有不同的排除方法。

先看細(xì)節(jié)信息

判斷一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是否是細(xì)節(jié)信息，要看它在文中的位置，如果它在文中的前一句是觀點(diǎn)，而它后面沒(méi)有支持它的信息，它就是細(xì)節(jié)信息。比如我上面寫的那句，她長(zhǎng)的很像楊冪，這句之前是她很美這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，之后是另一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，說(shuō)明它就是細(xì)節(jié)信息。

細(xì)節(jié)信息的特征：一般存在于舉例中，大體有兩種，1，事實(shí)性內(nèi)容，事實(shí)是用來(lái)支持觀點(diǎn)的。2 定義性內(nèi)容，如她是個(gè)女的，這只是讓你知道，而不是要論述的。

這中排除方法有個(gè)小技巧，就是當(dāng)選項(xiàng)里面有時(shí)間，數(shù)字的時(shí)候必為細(xì)節(jié)信息，很好理解，時(shí)間數(shù)字都是具體的信息，都是為了支持論點(diǎn)的。

上例題：

This passage discusses fossils that help to explain the likely origins of cetaceans-whales,porpoises and dolphins

1

2

5

Answer choices

1 Recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show he link between land mammals andcetaceans

2.The discovery of Ambulocetus natans provided evidence for a whale that lived both on landand at sea

3.The skeleton of Basilosaurus are found in what had been the Tehys Sea, an area rich in fossilevidence.

4 Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found

5.Fossils thought to be transitional forms between walking mammals and swimming whaleswere found..

6.Ambulocetus'hind legs were used for propulsion in the water.

第三個(gè)：B的骨骼是在T海發(fā)現(xiàn)的，明顯的事實(shí)性內(nèi)容，排除

第四個(gè)：P是……，定義性內(nèi)容，排除

第六個(gè)：A的前爪是用來(lái)……，事實(shí)性內(nèi)容，排除

對(duì)于原文中沒(méi)有的信息，這個(gè)沒(méi)什么好說(shuō)的了，很明顯，就是細(xì)節(jié)題的那種原文沒(méi)有的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，比如上面的小明經(jīng)常掛科和柳巖身材很好。

有的老師建議大家做這種題的時(shí)候，先排除那兩個(gè)不靠譜的，再區(qū)別主論點(diǎn)和細(xì)節(jié)信息，我的建議還是先是直接去選擇，選看文章的每段主旨去選擇，然后結(jié)合排除法。這種題技巧沒(méi)那么豐富，或者是有但是我不會(huì)，總之回到我一再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)的，內(nèi)力的修煉才是王道，技巧只是錦上添花的!

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