教師點(diǎn)金：雅思閱讀T/F/NG題型的基本技巧

Summary題型在雅思的整體難度中，屬于中等難度，技巧性非常強(qiáng)，它的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)都是NG，大部分學(xué)生在第一次做的時(shí)候，很難把握對(duì)錯(cuò)題的脈絡(luò)，特別是NG，容易混淆F和NG之間的關(guān)系，那么今天我們以真題為例，來(lái)講講其中的疑難雜癥。

劍5-test2-passage2的T/F為例：

14. Arthur Koestler considered laughter biologically important in several way.

15. Plato believed humor to be a sigh of above-average intelligence.

16. Kant believed that a successful joke involved the controlled release of nervous energy.

17. Current thinking on humor has largely ignored Aristotle’s view on the subject.

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拿到這樣的對(duì)錯(cuò)題題目，首先第一步應(yīng)該快速瀏覽，劃出每個(gè)問(wèn)題句子的關(guān)鍵詞，非常重要，然后用句子中的專有名詞，在文章中寬泛定位。寬泛定位用專有名詞，Arthur Koestler大致定位到文中的第一段，所以再運(yùn)用順序原則，可以看到，所以題目的定位都在文章的第一，第二，第三段。

The joke comes over the headphones: ‘Which side of a dog has the most hair? The left.’ No, not funny. Try again. ‘Which side of a dog has the most hair? The outside.’ Hah! The punchline is silly yet fitting, tempting a smile, even a laugh. Laughter has always struck people as deeply mysterious, perhaps pointless. The writer Arthur Koestler dubbed it the luxury reflex: ‘unique in that it serves no apparent biological purpose’.

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Theories about humour have an ancient pedigree. Plato expressed the idea that humour is simply a delighted feeling of superiority over others. Kant and Freud felt that joke-telling relies on building up a psychic tension which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline. But most modern humour theorists have settled on some version of Aristotle’s belief that jokes are based on a reaction to or resolution of incongruity, when the punchline is either a nonsense or, though appearing silly, has a clever second meaning.

14題：題目中的關(guān)鍵詞是biologically，所以可以看到文章中的一句話The writer Arthur Koestler dubbed it the luxury reflex: ‘unique in that it serves no apparent biological purpose’，可以得出，文章是直接否定 biological，所以很明顯，答案是F。

15題： 這道題目較難，首先我們應(yīng)該翻譯這句問(wèn)題中文意思：柏拉圖認(rèn)為幽默是一種超越平均智力的一個(gè)表現(xiàn)。所以順序原則定位到第二段，可以看到文章中句子Plato expressed the idea that humour is simply a delighted feeling of superiority over others. 這句話意思為柏拉圖認(rèn)為幽默是一種簡(jiǎn)單高興的優(yōu)越感，我們可以來(lái)對(duì)照看，“一種優(yōu)越感能不能推出是在智力領(lǐng)域上”，顯然不能推出來(lái)對(duì)與錯(cuò)，所以我們此題應(yīng)該選NG。

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16題：繼續(xù)順序原則，Kant認(rèn)為一個(gè)成功的笑話，就是一種緊張情緒的釋放。這道題的錯(cuò)誤率非常，究其原因，很大一部分原因是詞匯有些偏，有些難。我們定位文章中Kant and Freud felt that joke-telling relies on building up a psychic tension which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline. ，我們可以清晰的發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的單詞難點(diǎn)，但同時(shí)我們也更清晰發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，可以看到is safely punctured=release，tension=nervous energy，同時(shí)翻譯句子，我們清晰發(fā)現(xiàn)，其中句子方向的一致性，所以答案是T。

17題：繼續(xù)順序原則�？梢钥吹筋}目意思為:對(duì)于幽默的現(xiàn)在的想法很大程度上忽視了亞里士多德的觀點(diǎn)，這道題反而是送分題，文章清晰可以看到But most modern humour theorists have settled on some version of Aristotle’s belief that jokes are based on a reaction to or resolution of incongruity, when the punchline is either a nonsense or, though appearing silly, has a clever second meaning.里面有個(gè)詞組叫settle on，意思為，現(xiàn)在的一些幽默想法是建立在亞里士多德的基礎(chǔ)之上，所以答案很明顯是F。

最后總結(jié)一下，當(dāng)題量做的很多的時(shí)候，我們要清楚去發(fā)現(xiàn)每個(gè)對(duì)錯(cuò)題的對(duì)錯(cuò)方向，這樣我們?cè)诙ㄎ坏臅r(shí)候才有跡可循，而且同時(shí)能熟練運(yùn)用同義原則，這才是上上策。

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