托福聽(tīng)力觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題型考察目標(biāo)以及出題思路解析

托福聽(tīng)力考試中觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題占到了托福聽(tīng)力總題量的10%左右，很多考生一直都很糾結(jié)該如何做好這部分題。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題索要考察的是考生能否聽(tīng)出說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)，考生也許會(huì)被問(wèn)及關(guān)于說(shuō)話人的感受，喜怒或者感到焦慮或快樂(lè)的原因。同時(shí)考生還會(huì)被問(wèn)及關(guān)于說(shuō)話人的把握性的問(wèn)題：說(shuō)話人是在引用事實(shí)還是在表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)?材料中所陳述的事實(shí)是被廣為接受的還是仍有爭(zhēng)議的?有時(shí)，題目會(huì)考查考生發(fā)現(xiàn)并理解反語(yǔ)的能力，當(dāng)說(shuō)話人要表達(dá)的意思跟其實(shí)際所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容相反時(shí)，那么他/她就是在說(shuō)反語(yǔ)。說(shuō)話人使用反語(yǔ)會(huì)出于各種目的，包括強(qiáng)調(diào)已提出的要點(diǎn)，營(yíng)造幽默氣氛以引起聽(tīng)眾共鳴，或者以間接的方式表示不贊成。(摘自O(shè)G) 可是問(wèn)題是我們到底怎么來(lái)解答觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題呢?

觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題出題思路大致可分為兩種：

(A) 為在文中直接表明觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度

1. 例如通過(guò)語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)判斷(上揚(yáng)表示情緒驚訝，下降通常表示懷疑態(tài)度);我們來(lái)看一道例題(TPO 22/L4, 有女生插問(wèn)到professor對(duì)于”樂(lè)器僅僅為了覆蓋電影放映機(jī)的聲音而存在”這一情況的態(tài)度(問(wèn)答環(huán)節(jié)一般都是聽(tīng)力題目的出題點(diǎn)), professor 在原文中有明顯的語(yǔ)調(diào)下降,甚至有點(diǎn)對(duì)于這一說(shuō)法有點(diǎn)蔑視,即刻便說(shuō)了Too bad it keeps getting printed as if it were the only reason music was used. Well, think about it… “too bad”亦體現(xiàn)出professor 的否認(rèn)質(zhì)疑態(tài)度,因此答案選的是He doubts that it can fully explain why music was played.

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2. 通過(guò)形容詞判斷。如：

肯定態(tài)度(positive): favorable, approval, enthusiastic , supportive

否定態(tài)度(negative): disapproval, dissatisfied, objection, opposition, critical, compromising, concerned

懷疑態(tài)度(doubtful): suspicious, incredulous, skeptical, questionable

客觀態(tài)度(objective): neutral, impartial, disinterested, unprejudiced, unbiased, detached

例如TPO23/L1中問(wèn)及professor 對(duì)于Antikythera Mechanism 年齡的態(tài)度。Professor 在原文提到 the evidence makes an absolute case that this device dates back to ancient Greece somewhere between 150 and 100 B.C.E.后面在轉(zhuǎn)折詞but 后繼續(xù)提到the physical evidence is conclusive. 也就是”absolutely, conclusive “這些詞都體現(xiàn)出作者對(duì)于它的年齡分析是肯定的。當(dāng)然professor在陳述這些情況的時(shí)候語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)有明顯的升華，(暗示著大家這是一個(gè)出題點(diǎn)，速記的時(shí)候要有敏感度)。 因此答案選的即是She is confident that the dating is accurate.

(B) 間接表示觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。

有的時(shí)候，說(shuō)話人會(huì)通過(guò)委婉的方式表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，目的是為了體現(xiàn)出自己的觀點(diǎn)顯得更加公允，不偏激。這種觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度一般是通過(guò)迂回的句型表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。例如，(TPO24/L1)

I heard some great examples of this on the television program on crocodiles last week. Anyone catch it? It had a few interesting bits. But you know, uh, you have to be careful, think critically. Sometimes I don't know where these shows find their experts.

What is the professor's opinion about the television program that she mentions?

She is concerned about the accuracy of some of the information the experts provided.

She is hopeful that the class will be able to discuss it.

She thinks it was overly critical of some recent theories about crocodiles.

She is surprised that it did not include more examples of crocodile communication

從前面幾句話來(lái)看，professor 覺(jué)得電視中關(guān)于鱷魚(yú)的節(jié)目是有點(diǎn)意思的。但是之后她的語(yǔ)氣有明顯的停頓(暗示出題點(diǎn))，并在轉(zhuǎn)折之后表示希望同學(xué)們仔細(xì)點(diǎn)，犀利一些，想想這些節(jié)目從哪兒找來(lái)的專家。體現(xiàn)出professor 對(duì)這些節(jié)目的質(zhì)疑，因此答案是A選項(xiàng)，值得注意的是，此題中的C選項(xiàng)雖然有critical 這個(gè)詞，但是它的意思是指“電視節(jié)目過(guò)于critical了，有悖于原文的意思，不能選。

又如對(duì)話中：

Professor : I don’t think you should start with the case study too early unless you have made full preparation or you might find you can’t meet the deadline. However, it really is the best approach you can try to get people’s response though it is somewhat time-consuming. If you think you can spare your study time, just go for it.

表面上看來(lái)，說(shuō)話人是持否定觀點(diǎn)。但轉(zhuǎn)折詞however的出現(xiàn)意味著語(yǔ)言重心的轉(zhuǎn)變. It really is the best approach 就是個(gè)大轉(zhuǎn)折， 說(shuō)明說(shuō)話人實(shí)際上是持支持態(tài)度。

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