不畏浮云遮望眼——淺析SAT語(yǔ)法中的錯(cuò)位修飾

眾所周知critical thinking 貫穿于整個(gè)SAT考試，即需要考生以批判性，分析性的思維去分析考題，其中語(yǔ)法部分雖屬于簡(jiǎn)單環(huán)節(jié)，不過(guò)有時(shí)候也經(jīng)常暗藏玄機(jī)，比如我們之前在Identify Sentence Error中分析過(guò)的容易被同學(xué)們忽略的邏輯題，詞匯誤用題，今天我們來(lái)講講Improving Sentence中錯(cuò)位修飾的問(wèn)題。

也就是說(shuō)，有些句子看似語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有大問(wèn)題，但是從句意修飾來(lái)看，則有歧義或者存在謬論。就像生活一樣，看似波瀾不驚，平淡無(wú)奇，可總會(huì)發(fā)生些意想不到的事，只看其一面，卻不想其還深深隱藏著未曾談刺到的另一面——不想到合適的辦法便會(huì)手足無(wú)措;這些題目也一樣，不知其所以然，失分之后也會(huì)懊惱不已。讓我們通過(guò)以下真題和練習(xí)來(lái)剖析其本質(zhì)：

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1. 2010.1 / S6. 2

The chair of the school board announced a plan to build two new elementary schools during an interview with a local news reporter.

(A) The chair of the school board announced a plan to build two new elementary schools during an interview with a local news reporter.

(B) The chair of the school board announced that two new elementary schools were planned to be built during an interview with a local news reporter.

(C) The chair of the school board, during an interview with a local news reporter, announced a plan building two new elementary schools.

(D) During an interview with a local news reporter, the chair of the school board announcing a plan to build two new elementary schools.

(E) During an interview with a local news reporter, the chair of the school board announced a plan to build two new elementary schools.

這道題目的A選項(xiàng)(即NO ERROR選項(xiàng))從我們常見(jiàn)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)比如時(shí)態(tài)，主謂，搭配，或者簡(jiǎn)潔方面來(lái)看，似乎沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，以致于同學(xué)在倉(cāng)促的考試時(shí)間中不假思索地選擇它。當(dāng)然也有同學(xué)考慮到B選項(xiàng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)違背了SAT語(yǔ)法通常情況下的簡(jiǎn)潔原則 ，C選項(xiàng)則是犯了plan doing的搭配錯(cuò)誤，而D選項(xiàng)是整個(gè)句子缺乏動(dòng)詞(Sentence fragment), 而E選項(xiàng)似乎和A選項(xiàng)沒(méi)什么差別，只是換了下順序而已。但是恰恰是這順序的區(qū)別能夠幫助我們發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。細(xì)心的同學(xué)則會(huì)注意到，其實(shí)A選項(xiàng)的表達(dá)方式是有歧義的，可以理解為：校董主席宣布在和當(dāng)?shù)赜浾咭?jiàn)面的時(shí)候建兩個(gè)學(xué)校。這個(gè)從邏輯上來(lái)看當(dāng)然是有誤的，兩個(gè)學(xué)校豈能在開(kāi)會(huì)的瞬時(shí)就能建成?因此必須將時(shí)間狀態(tài)提前，句子的意思才夠恰當(dāng)：在和當(dāng)?shù)赜浾叩囊?jiàn)面會(huì)上，校董主席宣布計(jì)劃將建兩座新學(xué)校。正確選項(xiàng)為E.

2. 2011. 1/ S10. 1   

When I asked which of the children was his daughter, he pointed to a little girl feeding a duck in a blue dress.

(A) feeding a duck in a blue dress

(B) feeding a duck and was in a blue dress

(C) feeding a duck, she was in a blue dress

(D) in a blue dress who was feeding a duck

(E) in a blue dress, she was feeding a duck

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當(dāng)同學(xué)們看見(jiàn)這句的題干(a duck in a blue dress)，不禁會(huì)哈哈大笑起來(lái)，試想鴨子穿著一件藍(lán)裙子，豈不是喧賓奪主了?因此我們可以輕易發(fā)現(xiàn)正確選項(xiàng)為D，解釋為：他指出那個(gè)穿著藍(lán)裙子正在喂鴨子的小女孩兒是他的女兒。原題中的in a blue dress放錯(cuò)位置了，引起邏輯的謬誤。值得解釋的是，B選項(xiàng)表達(dá)麻煩，而且連詞前后的動(dòng)詞不平行，C和E分別都是RUN-ON SENTENCE，因此都是錯(cuò)誤的。

3. 2009.1/ S 10. 10

When we were cleaning the garage, my sister and I found the old soccer ball in a dark corner we used to play with when we were young.

(A) the old soccer ball in a dark corner we used to play with when were young.

(B) in a dark corner from when we were young the old soccer ball we played with

(C) in a dark corner the old soccer ball we used to play with when we were young

(D) the old soccer ball in a dark corner, we used to play with it when we were young

(E) the old soccer ball, having played with it when we were young, in a dark corner   

有了前兩題的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，原題題干中的錯(cuò)誤了吧，句子的原意不難理解，應(yīng)為，當(dāng)我們清理車庫(kù)的時(shí)候，我的姐姐和我在角落里發(fā)現(xiàn)了我們兒時(shí)玩的足球。但是原句的錯(cuò)位修飾(corner played)導(dǎo)致了句意變成了“我們兒時(shí)玩的角落”(play with corner),試想角落要怎么去玩呢?實(shí)在謬以千里。正確答案為C選項(xiàng)，補(bǔ)充一下，B和E句子結(jié)構(gòu)混亂羅嗦，主謂邏輯不分，完全違背SAT語(yǔ)法的規(guī)則;而D是RUN-ON SENTENCE，考試的時(shí)候這類選項(xiàng)應(yīng)快速跳過(guò)，直奔核心選項(xiàng)。

4. 2008.1/ S7. 3

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Chad wore his hat just as his favorite old movie stars did when perched on the back of his head.
(A) Chad wore his hat just as his favorite old movie stars did when perched on the back of his head.

(B) Chad wore his hat perched on the back of his head, just as his favorite old movie stars did.

(C) Chad’s favorite old movie stars wore their hat perched on the back of their heads, Chad did too.

(D) Perched on the back of his head, Chad wore his hat just as his favorite old move stars did.

(E) Just as his favorite old movie stars did, perching their hats on the backs of their head, as did Chad.

這題的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于perch這個(gè)動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)是誰(shuí)。Perch 有“棲息于，坐落”的意思，這里即為簡(jiǎn)單的“置于”的意思。原句中，perched的邏輯主語(yǔ)為Chad, 即解釋為當(dāng)Chad 戴在他的后腦勺上，人豈能站在自己的頭上?同學(xué)們不禁又笑了起來(lái)。我們自然得知，應(yīng)該是帽子戴在頭上，perched之前修飾的應(yīng)該是hat, 符合此要求的只有B選項(xiàng)(wore his hat perched on the back of his head). C選項(xiàng)則是RUN-ON SENTENCE, D選項(xiàng)犯了和A選項(xiàng)同樣的錯(cuò)誤，E選項(xiàng)完全是病句，主謂不清。

5. 06.5 /S6. 9

Professor Brand, who enjoys welcoming international students to her home on Thanksgiving, served the traditional turkey dressed in Pilgrim clothing.

(A) served the traditional turkey dressed in Pilgrim clothing

(B) Served the traditional turkey, dressing in Pilgrim clothing

(C) Serving the traditional turkey and dressed in Pilgrim clothing

(D) Dressed in Pilgrim clothing to serve the traditional turkey

(E) Dressed in Pilgrim clothing and the traditional turkey was served

原句的意思再次讓我們啞然失笑，火雞怎么穿上了朝圣服裝了呢?和我們之前提到的“鴨子穿著藍(lán)裙子”出題思路如出一轍，修飾錯(cuò)了位。一般而言，穿衣服的主語(yǔ)是人，即文中的Professor Brand, 他在感恩節(jié)穿著香客服歡迎各國(guó)學(xué)生，為他們端上火雞(serve在此處表示“提供，端上”，而并非為火雞服務(wù))。因此正確選項(xiàng)為D. B選項(xiàng)的dressing用法錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)為dressed, C選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞，E選項(xiàng)引入被動(dòng)態(tài)，前后不工整。

通過(guò)上述“錯(cuò)位修飾”的真題分析，相信同學(xué)以后遇到類似題目不會(huì)再步入出題者的陷阱。要記住No garden without its weeds, 看似正確的語(yǔ)法題，其實(shí)玄機(jī)最深。有道是“不畏浮云遮望眼，只緣身在最高層。”多練習(xí)多思考，對(duì)真題多總結(jié)，自然能發(fā)現(xiàn)很多過(guò)人之處。

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