【干貨】SAT閱讀長(zhǎng)難句案例剖析

1、But because ColonialWilliamsburg offers not a segment of the history of a fine art, but a model ofan ongoing community, it is intelligible and interesting to nearly everybody.

【主干】Williamsburg offers not a segment„.. but a model„
　　【難點(diǎn)】主要語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是not---but---，難點(diǎn)在于后面的限定成分，segment of the history of a fine art，model of an ongoingcommunity。
　　【翻譯】由于殖民時(shí)代的威廉斯堡呈現(xiàn)的不是極品藝術(shù)的某一片段，而是呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的藝術(shù)模型，它對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)幾乎都是可以理解和有趣的。

2、(1)That such radicaladaptations can occur demands a view of the brain as dynamic and active ratherthan programmed and static, (2)a supremely efficient adaptive system geared forevolution and change, (3)ceaselessly adapting to the needs of theorganism----its need, above all, to construct a coherent self and world,whatever defects or disorders of brain function befall it.

【主干】that„demands a view of„.rather than„..，
　　【難點(diǎn)】將此句話(huà)分為三部分，第一部分首先是That引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，rather than連接兩個(gè)對(duì)比：dynamic and active和programmedand static，第二部分以及第三部分都是對(duì)第一部分“radical adaptations”的補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明
　　【翻譯】劇烈的適應(yīng)可能會(huì)發(fā)生，這要求我們把大腦看作是動(dòng)態(tài)的，活躍的，以及無(wú)比有效的適應(yīng)性系統(tǒng)，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)適應(yīng)變化和發(fā)展，永無(wú)止境地調(diào)整自己以適應(yīng)生物體的需要（它首要的需要是構(gòu)建和諧的自身與環(huán)境，無(wú)論什么大腦缺陷和疾病降臨在它頭上），而不是把它看作是預(yù)先編制好的，靜態(tài)的系統(tǒng)。

3、This sense of thebrain’s remarkable plasticity , its capacity for the most striking adaptations,not the least in the special(and often desperate) circumstances of neural orsensory mishap , has come to dominate my own perception of my patients andtheir lives.

【主干】This sense of plasticity„. has come to dominate my„.
　　【難點(diǎn)】在句子的主干之間插入很長(zhǎng)的限定成分，its capacity for the most striking adaptations, notthe least in the special(and often desperate) circumstances of neural orsensory mishap都是對(duì)the brain’s remarkable plasticity的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。
　　【翻譯】大腦有非同尋常的可塑性，它不僅僅在特定的（常常令人絕望的）神經(jīng)或者感覺(jué)災(zāi)難下有驚人的調(diào)整能力，這一認(rèn)識(shí)支配了我對(duì)病人和他們生活的看法。

4、For instance, thevery woman (1)who had been drawn to him by the penetrating intuition of thefemale heart(2) he showed in his novels were appalled to discover howinsensitive and awkward the real man could be.

【主干】the woman were appalled to discover how„..the real man could be.
　　【難點(diǎn)】本句的主要難點(diǎn)在于多個(gè)限制修飾成分將句子的主謂割開(kāi)，其中定語(yǔ)從句(1)修飾的是the very woman；定語(yǔ)從句(2)修飾的是penetratingintuition，這兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句將主語(yǔ)woman與系動(dòng)詞were割開(kāi)，容易導(dǎo)致主謂混淆，分不清句子主干。
　　【翻譯】那些因?yàn)樗�小說(shuō)中對(duì)女性極具穿透力的直覺(jué)與認(rèn)識(shí)而被他吸引的女性，在顯示生活中驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)他是多么的遲鈍與笨拙。

5、However manydirectors and high officials of all sorts came and went , he was always seen inthe same place , at the very same duty, so that they used to declare that hemust have seen born a perpetual titular councilor in uniform all complete andwith a bald patch on his head.

【難點(diǎn)】本句話(huà)可以分為三部分，前面兩部分講兩種現(xiàn)象，后面一部分是這兩種現(xiàn)象所引起的結(jié)果，so that是如此。。。以至于；used to do：過(guò)去常常做某事，注意與be used to do sth以及be used to doing sth 的區(qū)分。
　　【翻譯】盡管各種各樣的主管和高官來(lái)了又走，只有他依然待在原來(lái)的位置，履行同樣的職責(zé)，以至于人們過(guò)去常常認(rèn)為他一定是生下來(lái)就是一個(gè)穿著整套制服，頭頂稍禿的終身榮譽(yù)顧問(wèn)。

6、The Grateful Deadfor whom I once wrote songs, learned by accident that if we let fans tapeconcerts and freely reproduce those tapes---―stealing‖ our intellectual―property‖ just like those heinous Napsterians -the tapes would become amarketing virus that would spawn enough Deadheads to fill any stadium inAmerica.

【主干】The Grateful Dead„. learned that „.
　　【難點(diǎn)】本句的難點(diǎn)在于that后很長(zhǎng)的賓語(yǔ)從句，if 后面引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作：let fans tape concerts；freely reproduce thosetapes，“stealing” ourintellectual “property” just like those heinous Napsterians是對(duì)這兩種行為的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，the tapes would become a marketing virus是我們?cè)试S這兩種行為會(huì)導(dǎo)致的后果，that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾marketing virus
　　【翻譯】我曾經(jīng)為之寫(xiě)過(guò)歌曲的Grateful Dead偶然認(rèn)識(shí)到，如果我們讓歌迷錄制音樂(lè)會(huì)，并且自由復(fù)制這些磁帶----就像可惡的使用
Napsterians（一種允許用戶(hù)從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)免費(fèi)下載音樂(lè)唱片的服務(wù)）的人一樣“盜竊”我們的知識(shí)“財(cái)產(chǎn)”----這些磁帶就會(huì)像市場(chǎng)病毒一樣四處蔓延，使全美國(guó)的所有音樂(lè)場(chǎng)都充滿(mǎn)“免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)者”。

7、Scent for many of uscan be only a theoretical, technical expression that we use because our grammarrequires that we have a noun to go in the sentences we are promoted to utterabout animals’ tracking.

【主干】Scent can be only a expression
　　【難點(diǎn)】此句結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，包含兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。。第一定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是expression，定語(yǔ)從句是that we use. 第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句先行詞是sentences，定語(yǔ)從句是we are promoted，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that(因?yàn)樽鲑e語(yǔ))，because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)，解釋 we use a theoretical ,technical expression 的原因。thatwe have a noun to go in„.是requires的賓語(yǔ)；
　　to utter aboutanimals’ tracking 是不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)。
　　【翻譯】氣味對(duì)于我們很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，僅僅是一個(gè)理論或者技術(shù)上的術(shù)語(yǔ)，我們使用它是因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們說(shuō)出一個(gè)句子來(lái)描述動(dòng)物的跟蹤活動(dòng)的時(shí)候，語(yǔ)法要求我們提供一個(gè)名詞。

8、The concept of twowarring souls within the body of the Black American was as meaningful for DuBois at the end of his years as editor of Crisis, the official journal of theNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP), as when hehad first used the image at the start of the century.

【主干】The concept„.was as meaningful„as
　　【難點(diǎn)】本句話(huà)的難點(diǎn)在于，不僅有眾多修飾語(yǔ)，而且還出現(xiàn)了三個(gè)as. 其中第一個(gè)與第三個(gè)構(gòu)成as„as„結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個(gè)as的意思是“作為„„”；theofficial journal of the National Association for the Advancement of ColoredPeople(NAACP)這么一長(zhǎng)串全是對(duì)“Crisis”的修飾，atthe end of his years與at the start of the century都是做的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
　　【翻譯】杜波斯在世紀(jì)之初提到了在美國(guó)黑人軀體中同時(shí)存在相沖突的兩種思想的理念，這個(gè)理念一直伴隨著他，直到他離開(kāi)《危機(jī)》雜志（有色人種前進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)全國(guó)聯(lián)盟NAACP的官方期刊）的主編位置。

9、(1)Perhaps the most devastating single criticism of theauthenticity of the museum design(2)has been that(3)excavationof the original villa site has been so incomplete that there is insufficientknowledge available even to attempt a legitimate re-creation.

【主干】the most devastating single criticism„. has been that„.there is insufficient knowledge.
　　【難點(diǎn)】可以將此句話(huà)分為三部分，第一部分是主語(yǔ)部分，第二部分是是謂語(yǔ)，第三部分是that 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句中嵌有一個(gè)so„.that„.句型
　　【翻譯】關(guān)于博物館設(shè)計(jì)的真實(shí)性方面最具殺傷力的批評(píng)，或許是對(duì)原有villa遺址的發(fā)掘還遠(yuǎn)未結(jié)束，還沒(méi)有足夠的知識(shí)來(lái)進(jìn)行合理的仿制。

10、Thebelief that it is harmful to the Black community for authors to explore thehumanity of our leaders can have troubling effects.

【主干】The belief„..can have troubling effects
　　【難點(diǎn)】that引導(dǎo)的是belief的同位語(yǔ)，在同位語(yǔ)句子中，it做的是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是to explore the humanity of our leaders。所以同位語(yǔ)部分可以改寫(xiě)為to explore the humanity of our leaders is harmful to the Blackcommunity.這樣這句話(huà)就容易理解了。
　　【翻譯】認(rèn)為作家探索領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人人性的行為會(huì)對(duì)黑人群體造成傷害的觀(guān)點(diǎn)可能帶來(lái)麻煩。

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