一篇優(yōu)秀的托福作文包括了一下四個(gè)要素:完整性、連貫性、簡潔性、多樣性。我們就重點(diǎn)來說一下“多樣性”。更多托福要點(diǎn)、資訊敬請關(guān)注新通外語培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)(www.igo99.cn)托福頻道。
一篇優(yōu)秀的托福作文包括了一下四個(gè)要素:完整性、連貫性、簡潔性、多樣性。以上四要素中,前三個(gè)要素是前提和基礎(chǔ),比較容易做到;多樣性是對(duì)前三個(gè)要素的升華,是作文閃光點(diǎn)的核心和關(guān)鍵所在。下面我們就重點(diǎn)來說一下“多樣性”。
詞匯多樣性:
詞匯貧乏是中國學(xué)生英語作文的通病。整篇作文一個(gè)詞用到底,從不作任何變化:一遇到“改變/變化”就是change,“影響”就是effect,“流行”就是popular,“認(rèn)為”就是think;每逢“因?yàn)?rdquo;就是because,“意識(shí)到”就是realize,“想到”就是think of,等等。其實(shí)英語詞匯很豐富的,同一個(gè)意思可以由很多不同的方式表達(dá),如:
改變:change,modify,alter,shift,transform,convert
變化:change,vary,convert,fluctuate,oscillate
保護(hù):protect,conserve,safeguard
保存:save,preserve,conserve,keep,store
影響:effect,influence,impact,infection
流行:popular,prevalent, prevailing,current,common,universal
認(rèn)為:think,believe,hold,argue,maintain,deem,opine,reckon,figure
意識(shí)到:realize,be aware of/that,be awake to,understand,it/sth. dawns on sb.
想到:think of,come up with,occur to/strike sb.,come to,remind,suggest
看作:regard …as…,look on/consider/view/see/take…as…
應(yīng)該:should,ought to,it is/would be better,it is advisable to
因?yàn)椋篵ecause,since,as,for,because of,owing to,thanks to,due to,as a result of,in virtue of,on account of,with,from,at,of
關(guān)于:about,on,with regard to,as regards,concerning,relating to
因此:so,therefore,thus,accordingly,consequently,hence,thereby
然而:however,nevertheless,nonetheless,whereas,though,still,yet
另外:moreover,in addition,besides,furthermore,one more thing
不同:different,difference,differ,vary from…to…,conflicting,diverse,diversified,various,a variety of
吸引人的:attractive,appealing,taking,inviting,tempting,fascinating,charming,alluring, glamorous, absorbing, enticing
關(guān)鍵詞:多樣性 要素
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句子多樣性:
單調(diào)的句式和結(jié)構(gòu)、長度相近的句子使作文呆板單調(diào),缺乏生動(dòng)性和說服力;而靈活多變的句子樣式和結(jié)構(gòu)則使作文語言生動(dòng),自然流暢,豐富多彩。具體包括以下幾個(gè)方面:
長短句變換:簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句交替運(yùn)用。長句準(zhǔn)確生動(dòng),長于說明推理;短句簡潔明快,意義明確,印象深刻,描述動(dòng)作,表明主旨,總結(jié)歸納,非短句不可。既然各有所長,在寫作時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際需要,交替使用簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句,以達(dá)到“段間長短不一,全篇句式萬千”、豐富多樣的效果,給讀者以及閱卷老師以永恒的新鮮感。
結(jié)構(gòu)多樣化:我們學(xué)過非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)(包括不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和分詞結(jié)構(gòu))、無動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)、分隔結(jié)構(gòu)、比較結(jié)構(gòu)、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)、with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、特殊否定結(jié)構(gòu)、it結(jié)構(gòu)、平行結(jié)構(gòu)、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),等等。其中最為神通廣大的是非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu),在句中或作主語、賓語,或作表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語,或作定語修飾名詞,或作狀語表示條件、原因、讓步、時(shí)間、方式、目的、結(jié)果、伴隨狀況等,不一而足。
非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡化大部分英語從句,產(chǎn)生語言簡練、結(jié)構(gòu)豐富多樣的效果,請看下列轉(zhuǎn)化實(shí)例:
名詞從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)
1. That John won the marathon surprised us.
John’s winning the Marathon surprised us.
2. I have not decided whether I should vote for Clint.
I have not decided whether to vote for Clint.
定語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)
1. The man (who is) standing at the gate is my English teacher.
2. The car (that was) repaired yesterday by him is my mother’s.
3. The next train that arrives is from New York.
狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)
1. After he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.
Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.
2. When they are heated metals expand.
(When) Heated, metals expand.
3. Because I do not know what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.
Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.
4. I spoke slowly and clearly in order that the audience could understand me.
…in order for the audience to understand me.
5. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fail.
United, we stand; divided, we fail.
6. Though he has lived in Canada for tree years, he still cannot speak English well.
Having lived in Canada for three years, he still cannot speak English well.
以上就是為大家整理的托福寫作學(xué)習(xí)方法,面面俱到,希望考生們能夠借鑒,在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練練習(xí)中,要掌握豐富多樣的詞匯和句型變換技巧,總結(jié)出寫作規(guī)律,這樣才能在托福寫作中大放異彩。預(yù)祝大家都能取得好成績。
關(guān)鍵詞:多樣性 要素
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