托福句子簡化題：平行類長句

先從一個(gè)例句看：

For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively.

這個(gè)句子中句子結(jié)構(gòu)及其復(fù)雜，在定語從句中有帶有賓語從句，看起來內(nèi)容十分類似并且難以理解。但是只要發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)句子前半句和后半句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)十分相似，發(fā)現(xiàn)前后半句由whereas連接，難題迎刃而解。Whereas表示然而，說明前后半句的內(nèi)容在對比。這意味著對本句話進(jìn)行改寫時(shí)，前后半句都必須包括才算是essential information。

由此我們可以判斷C選項(xiàng)People who normally do not believe that aggression is necessary and justified may act aggressively during wartime和D選項(xiàng)People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified do not necessarily act aggressively during wartime是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)槎贾惶岬搅艘环N人的觀點(diǎn)。

在A選項(xiàng)People who believe that they are fighting a just war act aggressively while those who believe that they are fighting an unjust war do not和B選項(xiàng)People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified are more likely to act aggressively than those who believe differently的對比中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩句話都提到了兩種人，都說到了會和不會aggressive，A和B最大的差別在于B比A多了likely的表述。對應(yīng)原文的likely表示一種不確定的情況，我們可以排除A這種過于武斷的說法，得出B為正確選項(xiàng)。

類似的題目如The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically. 這題中先看完句子發(fā)現(xiàn)原文中也有whereas，由此得知對這句話的改寫必須包括Whigs和Democrats分別占領(lǐng)與經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的地方這一重要內(nèi)容。

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由此得出D選項(xiàng)The Democrats' power was greatest in poorer areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully operating是最正確的選擇，因?yàn)橹挥蠨選項(xiàng)提到二者分別占領(lǐng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)的地方。

可以排除A選項(xiàng)Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the economy because Democrats dominated in other areas.，因?yàn)樵�文中是Whigs和Democrats二者的對比，兩者情況進(jìn)行分別的描述，所以A中的because是對原文邏輯的錯(cuò)誤改寫，是誤導(dǎo)選項(xiàng)。

類似的，C選項(xiàng)The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' control of the market economy 也可以輕松排除，因?yàn)槠渲袥]有提到Whigs和Democrats分別在哪里的點(diǎn)。

原文中向我們解釋了Whigs和Democrats分別占領(lǐng)的地方都和經(jīng)濟(jì)有關(guān)，由此，B選項(xiàng)中Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively 的表述是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)橛泻苊黠@的naturally而不是我們需要的economically。

因此，在句子簡化題中，關(guān)注一些邏輯點(diǎn)，可以幫助考生迅速做出判斷，減少思考時(shí)間并提高效率。

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