托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作：考生常犯的10種語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤（一）

下文為大家總結(jié)托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作中考生常犯的10種語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，并且給出相應(yīng)的例子加以評(píng)析和更正。更多托�？荚嚈C(jī)經(jīng)及資訊，請(qǐng)關(guān)注新通外語(yǔ)托福頻道。

1、主謂不一致

中文不存在主謂一致的問(wèn)題，因此很多考生在寫(xiě)英文句子時(shí)意識(shí)不到這一點(diǎn)。在英語(yǔ)中，主謂一致的問(wèn)題在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中出現(xiàn)較多，特別是在第三人稱單數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上容易出現(xiàn)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間插入成分較多、主語(yǔ)離謂語(yǔ)較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)，這類錯(cuò)誤更容易出現(xiàn)。另外在定語(yǔ)從句中，由于從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和先行詞被連詞隔開(kāi)，考生也容易忽略從句的主謂一致問(wèn)題。此外，there be句型中be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)而定。來(lái)看下面的幾個(gè)例句。

例1：Those examination questions is very familiar to me.

評(píng)析：主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用are，不應(yīng)該用is。

更正：Those examination questions are every familiar to me.

例2：A school who has famous professors are more worthy for students to choose.

評(píng)析：主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間有定語(yǔ)從句，相隔較遠(yuǎn)，因此考生容易犯主謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。主句的謂語(yǔ)還是應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)主句的主語(yǔ)a school來(lái)決定。

更正：A school who has famous professors is more worthy for students to choose.例3：Doing housework has some advantages that is good for children’s future.

評(píng)析：That引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)先行詞advantages而決定，先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)用are。

更正：Doing housework has some advantages that are good for children’s future.

例4：There is so many people competing for a position.

評(píng)析：There be句型的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞決定。名詞people是復(fù)數(shù)，因此be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用are。

更正：There are so many people competing for a position.

　　2、一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

很多考生在寫(xiě)作時(shí)只是根據(jù)中文的思維和感覺(jué)寫(xiě)，對(duì)于英文中一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的規(guī)則不夠敏感，容易在一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，這是明顯違反語(yǔ)法的。在there be句型中特別容易出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤�？忌鷳�(yīng)當(dāng)記住：一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，要將其中一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)化成恰當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語(yǔ)形式或者轉(zhuǎn)化成從句的謂語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看下面的例子。

例5：There are so many people compete for a position.

評(píng)析：There be句型中的be動(dòng)詞本身就是這個(gè)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，后面不能再出現(xiàn)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這時(shí)，可以將后面的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式，或者轉(zhuǎn)化成從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

更正1：There are so many people competing for a position.

更正2：There are so many people who compete for a position.

例6：I, nonetheless, believe that my job and my social life are both play an essential role in my daily happiness.

評(píng)析：在這個(gè)句子中，are和play是兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，不能一起用。系動(dòng)詞is/am/are可以和現(xiàn)在分詞一起用于表進(jìn)行，可以和過(guò)去分詞一起用于表被動(dòng)，也可以和不定式一起用于表將來(lái)，但是不能和動(dòng)詞原形一起用。

更正1：I, nonetheless, believe that my job and my social life are both playing an essential role in my daily happiness.

更正2：I, nonetheless, believe that my job and my social life both play an essential role in my daily happiness.

3、動(dòng)詞原形作主語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞原形不能作主語(yǔ)。祈使句會(huì)用動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭，但句子只是省略了主語(yǔ)，而不是沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，而且托福寫(xiě)作也極少用到祈使句�？梢宰髦髡Z(yǔ)的成分包括名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式、主語(yǔ)從句和形式主語(yǔ)it。

例7：I insist that join a sports team is the best way for us to make new friends.

評(píng)析：句中的動(dòng)詞原形join不能作賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，可以轉(zhuǎn)化成動(dòng)名詞再作主語(yǔ)。

更正：I insist that joining a sports team is the best way for us to make new friends.

　4、句子殘缺

句子必須有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞才稱得上完整�？忌�在托福寫(xiě)作中有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)句子沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的情況，或是從句缺主語(yǔ)，這都屬于殘缺句子。

例8：That’s why I against that people find a job just for money.

評(píng)析：Against是介詞，不能作謂語(yǔ)，可以在前面加系動(dòng)詞am。

更正：That’s why I am against that people find a job just for money.

例9：I enjoy it very much when chat and play with my friends.

評(píng)析：該句中when引導(dǎo)的從句缺乏主語(yǔ)，句子殘缺，需要補(bǔ)充主語(yǔ)。

更正：I enjoy it very much when I chat and play with my friends.

5、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面沒(méi)有跟動(dòng)詞原形

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面必須跟動(dòng)詞原形，不能跟動(dòng)詞的其他形式。

例10：We must limiting the time that children spend in watching TV.

評(píng)析：句中must是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面必須跟動(dòng)詞原形，不能跟現(xiàn)在分詞。

更正：We must limit the time that children spend in watching TV.

例11：Admittedly, the good food may contributes to an enjoyable vacation.

評(píng)析：句中may是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面必須跟動(dòng)詞原形，不能跟第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

更正：Admittedly, the good food may contribute to an enjoyable vacation.